Marketing Plan of Thy free essay sample

With a population of 75 million, a dynamic economy, a relatively large geographical area (780,000 sq km) and increasing disposable income among its population,Turkey’s air travel demand continues to grow, at a time when the majority of Europe is experiencing sharp reductions. 1. 2 Strategic geographic position: The country is attractively geographically positioned, located only three hours flight time from 50 different countries (according to Turkish Airlines) and its unique position. 1. 3 Strong domestic presence: Turkish Airlines currently operates to 37 domestic destinations. . 4Star Alliance  membership and close relationship with Lufthansa: Most airlines will have to be part of an alliance in order to survive in the future because if you are not a member of an alliance it is very hard to compete with other alliances that offer incredible benefits 2. External analysis. 2. 1 Political factor THY is a government-owned, national flag carrier Labor agreement has powerful(Tur kish Civil Union of Aviation) Discounters suit themselves and make money from receipts thanks to regulations of government In 2002, the new Turkish Government announced, it would not be subsidization for THY The State Privatization Administration launched a public share offering Trust of financial markets without the need for government guarantees 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan of Thy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2 Economical factor Ticket prices have risen because of the increasing in fuel costs Air travel in Turkey will be the biggest growth market THY sells tickets via the Internet so that sales costs can be minimized The number of airline companies will be diminished and the condition of market will change because airline firms in Europe fortificates The number of travelling tourist from Europe to Turkey cut down due to the terrorism International economic situation,or global crisis 2. 3 Social factor In international area, competitors use service culture enough to make their customers comfortable about the airline They have always been transaction- oriented, not customer oriented Swine flu,climate conditions and crash in Amsterdam People’s lifestyle of transportation is changed by development in aircrafts Service culture problem, It will take time Special days . 4 Technological factor Satellite programming, wireless internet access, satellite monitors at every seat and seat –back personal video screens in modish aircrafts Reservation on telephone and on the Internet THY uses IBM computers Turkish Airlines (THY), to take effect the new competitive conditions in the world, which has become an important reality, â€Å"On-Demand Enterprise† business processes in order to become in-house, it heard the need for fl exibility for agencies within the framework of inter-and customers. This is in line with the management of software development, infrastructure, processes and tools needed to standard. 2. x. Coment We did internal and external analysis. It provided to see tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment for us. it is the foundation for evaluating the internal potential and limitations and the probable/likely opportunities and threats from the external environment. It views all positive and negative factors inside and outside the firm that affect the success. 3. Swot analysis. STRENGTHS |OPPORTUNITIES | |Expanding home market economy and favourable demographic; |A growing market, despite the economic crisis; | |Strategic geographic position; |A popular tourism destination; | |Substantial cost advantage over rivals; | Benefiting from liberalisation policies; | |Rising market share; |Extend coverage to Transatlantics; | |Star Alliance membership and close relationship with Lufthansa; |Business customers focus; | |Great flight frequency; |Drawing passengers into onward flights from Istanbul hub; | |Great product and customer services; | | |WEAKNESSESS |THREATS | |Turkey |Currency shifts may inhibit profitability; | |Higher risk organic growth strategy; |LCCs increasing their presence; | |Massive fleet growth to fund; |Lufthansa product differentiation; | |Under-utilising the potential of a strong alliance; |Lufthansa coverage expansion; | |Market adaptation product; | | |Product differentiation; | | |Brand/ specific product awareness; | | II Stage Resarch analysis market and customer 1 Competitors Overview and Situation analysis Turkish Airlines competes with three main airlines on the route London. Istanbul. Theseare: British Airways that execute flights from London Heathrow to Istanbul Ataturk (2-3 flightsdaily), Pegasus Airlines serving London Stansted Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen (1 flight daily)and Easyjet serving London Gatwick Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen (1 flight daily). Based onthe above information, Turkish Airlines main competitor is British Airways as a full serviceairline providing connection from main-to-main airport, whilst Pegasus Airlines and Easyjetare LCC executing flights from secondary airports to Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen airportlocated further away from Istanbul in the Asian side. Turkish Airlines is the only companyserving airports as London Gatwick, London Stansted, Manchester and Birmingham inaddition to its main London Heathrow base. 1. 1 The Competitors Competitors for Turkish Airlines are classified as direct and non-direct threat. Although BA is a direct threat to Turkish Airlines, the latter possess the advantage ofservicing different airports around UK, targeting local communities and businesses on awider spectrum 1. 1. 1. British Airways British Airways is the main competitor of Turkish Airlines on the route LHR-IST. It is a fullservice airline the national carrier of Great Britain. Its strong position in the UK market iswell defined. BA serves more than 680 destinations around the world some of which oncode share bases with One World partner airlines. 1. 1. 2 Pegasus Airlines Pegasus Airlines is a LCC servicing London Stansted Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport. Theairline is not classified as a main threat to Turkish Airlines services as it operates fromsecondary airports and its product has a low value compared to the full service of TurkishAirlines. One advantage of this carrier is the fact that it has extensive route connections inregional Turkey. 1. 1. 3. Easyjet Easyjet is a Low Cost carrier servicing London Gatwick Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport. The airline is not classified as a main threat to Turkish Airlines services, even though itoperates from the 2nd largest airport in London Gatwick. Its product has a low valuecompared to the full service of Turkish Airlines. The airline is better positioned with flightservices within mainland Europe and has no regional connections within Turkey. 1. 2 Competitors products Pegasus Airlines and Easyjet, as low cost carriers have well defined product structure mainlytargeting the leisure market. Their product value refers to the low cost model with fewerservices on board -product that can mainly be directed to travellers on a budget (no seatallocation, paid snacks and baggage allowance, etc. ). Their flights are operated eitherfrom/or to secondary airports which are no attractive to wider group of passengers(especially business). Therefore their product and marketing strategy differs from the one ofTurkish Airlines. British Airways is a full service airline that provide similar product to Turkish Airlines andtherefore is considered as the main competitor. They provide the economy (leisure traveller)product along with the upper economy and business class experience. 2. Customers The primary target market for the airline is corporate business air travel. The main need ofthis type of customers is the corporate discount available in return for volume. The companyproduct will be positioned to these customers to provide significant cost savings overcompetitors. Both London and Istanbul are cities with many multinational companies andbusinesses, which create a vast market for corporate travel. Corporate travellers that TurkishAirlines should be targeting include, Deutsche bank, PwC, Delloit, Shell and several otherprominent corporations with links in Istanbul and London who fly business class and hassignificant volume of business travel between the pair cities. The secondary target market for the airline is the small business and independent businesstravellers who typically fly from Heathrow to Istanbul but also from the industrial cities Manchester and Birmingham. The product will be positioned for these customers byproviding a FFP and a business class fare that is significantly lower than most traditionalfares (the two main needs of business travellers according to surveys). The product will alsobe positioned to this target market as the one with the highest levels of service on board theaircraft, significantly higher levels of comfort offered by the seats and a higher degree ofluxury compared to the competition. The final target market for the airline is the luxury travel market that exists from London andManchester to Istanbul. The product will be marketed and positioned to these customers as a „ first class service at business class fares’ . These customers are generally uninterested inthe frequency demanded by business travellers. III Stage Determine Segmentation strategy and positioning . Target Positioning of Turkish Airlines The primary target market for the airline is corporate business air travel. The main need of this type of customers is the corporate discount available in return for volume. The company product will be positioned to these customers to provide significant cost savings over competitors. Both London and Istanbul are cities with many multinational companies and businesses, which create a vast market for corporate travel. Corporate travellers that TurkishAirlines should be targeting include, Deutsche bank, PwC, Delloit, Shell and several other prominent corporations with links in Istanbul and London who fly business class and has significant volume of business travel between the pair cities. The secondary target market for the airline is the small business and independent business travellers who typically fly from Heathrow to Istanbul but also from the industrial cities Manchester and Birmingham. The product will be positioned for these customers byproviding a FFP and a business class fare that is significantly lower than most traditionalfares (the two main needs of business travellers according to surveys). The product will alsobe positioned to this target market as the one with the highest levels of service on board theaircraft, significantly higher levels of comfort offered by the seats and a higher degree ofluxury compared to the competition. The final target market for the airline is the luxury travel market that exists from London andManchester to Istanbul. The product will be marketed and positioned to these customers as a „ first class service at business class fares’ . These customers are generally uninterested inthe frequency demanded by business travellers. Targeting about customer : Recently , There was newspaper for Business Class in Turkish airlines. But nowadays They don’t have newspaper for any passenger. That’s why one of pollester analyzed this situation. According to polls : And most of passengers who were in business class , wanted to get newspaper during to flight also they wanted to scientific and technical journal. (Therefore They will have newspaper and magazine which are business class interested in. ) During the flight , the shortest flight should take minimum 3 hours. Passengers who are business class want to get free alcohol(Especially wine) and of course they are going to want to eat delicious food. Most of business class of passenger care food and amount of food.. We know that good serves are going to be good memory for passenger. (For this reason , Turkish Airlines Cooker’s is going to flight all time for delicious and fresh cook during the flights. ) The other important things about passengers is fast internet. Because they often need to check their mailbox . And they need to fast internet for follow the â€Å"be up to date† all time. (They will have fastest internet. ) Passengers need to get comfort. Because Generally after flight , they go to meeting to company. Thats why they don’t want to go to company wearily. (THY will have the comfortest seats. ) Also We realized that â€Å"Keeping passenger informed about all types of flight information† is the other important things. (Pilot often should give information. ) Passengers say that the most important thing is â€Å"Cabin ventilation†. We know that â€Å" be able to breathe easily â€Å" mean is positive behavior in this day. And they want to know ; which country are we flying on now ? If flight is going to take long hours , exactly it will be boring. And they can wonder this. That’s why Navigation is necessary for all plane. Surely Turkish Airlines has Navigation but some of planes don’t have navigation. (Airlines is going to put navigation to all planes. )Business Class passenger’s can want to watch movie in their special t. v. Therefore We often need to update the movies . Because almost everyday New movies are come out. And watch movie during the flight is good time for watch.. Segmentation of Marketing in Turkish Airlines (%) : [pic] [pic] [pic][pic][pic] IV Set marketing plan objective and direction 1. Objective The main objective of the marketing plan for Turkish Airlines is to increase the generated revenue in the business segment in order to secure the financial sustainability and future growth of the company and its premium product in the EU market. This will primarily be achieved in three stages; firstly by defining the market to narrow the market focus to consumers and businesses that are qualified to or are already users of business class air travel, secondly by further identifying the available market from main hubs in EU (London, Frankfurt, Paris) and the rest of EU to Istanbul and finally targeting the potential market for additional leisure and business travel on the route. Each segment of the market will be targeted to increase Turkish Airlines sales and improve the airlines load factors. Table 1 below summarises the marketing objectives: Objective |Time period | |Increase revenue in business segment by 15% |Summer 2013/winter 2013/14 | |Increase market share by 4% to 58% |By the start of Summer 2013 | |Increase market share to 62. 4% |During Summer 2013 | | | | |Increase load factor from 68% to 72% |By the start of Summer 2013 | |Further increase of load factor by 5% to 77% |During Summer 2013/Winter 13/14 | |Promote thy. om for bookings to reduce cost |Throughout the whole period | 2. Marketing Plan and Marketing campaigns. Turkish Airlines marketing promotions will be designed to enable the airline to exceed its marketing objectives by increasing interest in the product and the willingness of consumers to buy it. This section of the report proposes several marketing promotions for the airline to increase their sales, brand awareness, and loyalty from existing customers beyond that which can be provided by advertising alone. 2. 1 Advanced Booking Price Promotions Th e main aim of the price promotions will be to reduce the number of empty seats on the aircraft and hence to maximise revenue. Assuming that the existing target load factors are sufficient to generate significant profit additional seats which otherwise would be empty could be sold at significantly reduced prices, however they must still yield a profit for the service provided. Turkish Airlines price promotion will provide significantly low prices for customers who are able to book an anytime seat over one calendar month in advance. This promotion will be targeted at leisure travellers as it is assumed that a majority of business travellers book their seats close to the required date of departure as they are required to leave on short notice. 2. 2Three for Two The main aim of this promotion is to generate additional revenue while not overbooking the aircraft or undermining the passengers who have not utilised this promotion, which would most likely be the case if a buy one get one free promotion were offered. This promotion is based on a consumer or group of consumers purchasing two full fare return tickets and receiving a third one free. This promotion could enable three consumers to travel at once for the price of two, general trends of leisure travellers, or enable a single consumer who purchases two tickets within a month, general trend of a business class consumer, to be offered the third one free. The free ticket will be restricted and must be used within a period of one month. This promotion will be designed to run in May, June, July and August when target load factors are less than 60%. 2. 3Promotional Items for On-line Bookings All consumers who book flights in August through to December directly through www. thy. om will be offered free Istanbul sightseeing tour cards or similar organised tours. This is designed to increase load factors above target load factors for these months but also to reduce distribution costs of tickets. For all business passengers on onward flights from Istanbul, 1 or 2 free nights at luxury hotels will be offered. 2. 4Turkish Airlines Triple Points Frequent Flyer Program MilesSmiles is already a rewarding and generous scheme where passengers can redeem rewards and take advantage of many benefits. In April, June and Oct, the airline will offer triple points on all bookings made on-line. V Marketing plan strategies , problems and support . 1. Marketing Mix (7 P ies) 1. 1Product Turkish Airlines product is providing economy and business class travel between major EU hubs and Istanbul. The airline method of providing its services is what differentiates its product and allows it to offer vast benefits, such as space, seats, comfort and in-flight services, as well as genuine gestures such as Istanbul sightseeing cards and chauffeur services to the existing economy and business class passengers. 1. 2 Price The main pricing strategy of the company is to maintain price leadership. While Turkish Airlines pricing allows the company to achieve its financial goals, i. e. make a profit, it undercuts the realities of the marketplace for the product and service offered by its competitor. Based on competitor pricing customers would be willing to buy at Turkish Airlines prices. Turkish Airlines pricing strategies support the products positioning, as the low price does not act as a substitute for lack of product quality, and are consistent with the other variables in the marketing mix. Pricing is influenced by the distribution channels used particularly in selling to corporate customers. However, through negotiations the airline can achieve great results with its corporate clients. 1. 3 Promotion Turkish Airlines promotional strategy will be carried out with the target customer in mind preventing the waste of time and money on ineffective promotional activities such as TV ads. Other methods of creating awareness of the airline product will include sales promotions and presence at business trade shows, promoting the airlines directly to the target audiences, as well as social websites like Facebook, Twitter, etc. 1. 4 Place A Multi-level marketing strategy will be employed to distribute the product. That is a combination of direct sales and indirect sales through the internet, Business trade shows and corporate travel agencies. 1. 5 People Dynamically and soundly sustaining its growth with a youthful yet experienced team, Turkish Airlines was the author ofgreat successes with 15,384 employees in 2011. In order to maintaining the highest standards of service, Turkish Airlines personnel employed in all capacities perform their jobs with a focus on effective use of technology under the most ideal quality conditions. 1. 6 Physical environment Turkish Airlines is not only a substantial full service carrier in its own right, but also maintains a solid position at the low cost end of the market, domestically through AnadoluJet and its Lufthansa JV in SunExpress. This reinforcement allows the flag carrier to focus on its core, full service role, and to continually grow its position in the expanding Eastern European and Middle East and central Asian markets. Turkish Airlines benefits significantly from the combination of its strategically valuable geographic position and its Istanbul hubbing capability. Straddling Asia and Europe, while relatively close to the Equator, Turkey offers its national airlines – and THY in particular – powerful access to: 1. A large and increasingly affluent domestic market and massive expatriate community, much of it in Germany; 2. Western Europe; 3. Eastern Europe; 4. The Middle East; 5. Central Asia; and 6. Long haul one-stop sixth freedom connections, in much the same way as the Gulf airlines, Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airways have exploited global markets. Unlike those airlines, Turkish has the advantage of a large home base, to generate economies of scale. For THY, there is still considerable upside in the latter of these, which in turn grows its network strength and connectivity options into its extensive short and medium haul European routes. 1. 7 Process The most important factor separating Turkish Airlines from its competitors is its success in maintaining reliability, speed and timeliness without compromising service quality. Flying Turkish Airlines is an experience of its own, always associated with the Turkish hospitality – experience of comfort, quality pre-boarding and onboard services and great customer service. Turkish Airlines competitive advantage in EU is based on its flight operations from all of EU capitals and number regional airports, enabling the company to increase its market share and passenger network. Flights frequencies are another advantage that boosts passengers flying the airline to increase enormously. Regional connections from its main hub in Istanbul, as well as more than 145 onward connections to the Middle and Far East and Asian countries(and further 940 destinations with its code share partners), enables Turkish Airlines to be one of the most desirable airlines. The onboard product combining economy service focused to the leisure passengers, together with the unique business passengers? product, providing services, such as dedicated check-in points, exclusive security gates and effortless passport control at low fares assign the airline as one of the most preferred among different group of passengers. 2 Action and Campaign 2. 1 Internet In order to attract EU leisure and business travellers, Turkish Airlines will market and make direct sales via its web site. This allows for cheap and efficient distribution costs and reaches a wide consumer base. The website allows customers to make reservations for flights and provides purchase and payment capabilities, as well as comprehensive information on offers. Social websites like Facebook and Twitter could create brand awareness and can be used as a marketing tool for promotions of the airline. 2. 2 Direct Sales to Corporations In order to attract large corporations and medium sized businesses, Turkish Airlines will directly contact the travel departments of corporations and businesses in EU with links in Turkey. 2. Direct Sales to Secretaries and PA’s Often PA. s and secretaries are required to book flights for managers. Turkish Airlines must target these secretaries with direct mail so that they are aware of the Turkish Airlines product. 2. 4 Corporate Travel Agent s This has the advantage of offering customers a distribution channel they may prefer in making their reservation. 2. 5 Business and Travel Magazines, Outdoor Adverts Important part of Turkish Airlines marketing strategy will be focused on advertising with leading corporate and travel magazines, as well as outdoor advertising, such as billboards, bus and underground posters. 2. 6 Customer Service Building substantial customer relationship will be the primary objective of Turkish Airlines. That will be achieved through extensive communication with its current customers, special discounts and incentives for regular passengers, etc. 3. Marketing plan problems At present, Turkish really appears to be on a roll. Most of the key ingredients line up to make strengths and opportunities the dominant forces in the carriers landscape. Even its weaknesses are little more than an inability to grasp opportunities fully (such as for example under-use of the potential of Star membership codesharing). In some ways the scenario almost appears too good to last. But most of the right building blocks are now in place for sustained and profitable growth in what is still in many ways an under-exploited market. Turkish Airlines product must be positioned to the target market as one that meets and exceeds the needs of both leisure and business class travellers, who would normally fly with LCC like Easyjet or Ryanayr (leisure passengers) or Lufthansa (business passengers), through increased product innovation and quality. 3. Market support strategies Turkish Airlines market presence will be achieved by relying on the strategy of identifying and serving well both leisure and business market. Reservations will be centralised and cost effective, by popularising the official website of the airline. Marketing will be media generated to the business and corporate accounts with combined media and direct sales focused to the leisure market. The product focused towards business travellers allows them to hold in flight meetings in comfort and order meals and services to suit their timetable and specific needs. Although business class travel is not a new product, Turkish Airlines product has improved to the highest level possible, to compete with its major competitors mainly based on price differentiation. The advantage of a local and highly identifiable market is that media selections can be limited in scope. The most effective media is expected to be outdoor billboards and posters on buses and underground, as they have acted as a key generator of sales for other airlines. Presence in the popular social websites would be beneficial in order to increase brand awareness and can be used as powerful marketing tool for advertising promotions, etc. Based on all these actions, Turkish Airlines can meet its challenges and act in order to achieve its set goals and objectives, as well as to maintain its leadership position in the EU market. VI Plan to measure progress and performance . Ansoff Matrix The Ansoff Growth matrix is another marketing planning tool that helps a business determine its product and market growth strategy. Ansoff’s product/market growth matrix suggests that a business’ attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets. The output from the Ansoff product/market matrix is a series of  suggested growth strategies which set the direction for the business strategy. These are described below: [pic] That’s why We are going to use Ansoff Matrix for Turkish Airlines. Market Penetration : Market penetration is the name given to a growth strategy where the business focuses on selling existing products into existing markets. Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives: †¢ Maintain or increase the market share of current products – this can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling †¢ Secure dominance of growth markets Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors; this would require a much more aggressive promotional campaign, supported by a pricing strategy designed to make the market unattractive for competitors. Increase usage by existing customers – for example by introducing loyalty schemes A market penetration marketing strategy is very much about â€Å"business as usual†. The business is focusing on markets and products it knows well. It is likely to have good information on competitors and on customer needs. It is unlikely, therefore, that this strategy will require much investment in new market research. For Turkish Airlines : First of all We should keep our attitude in the market. After that We can purpose to incrase our passenger and consequently our income. For this We can keep working with famous person (Messi, Kobe .. ) in our advertisement. Therefore We can get market share of our competitors. But Sometimes everything can not be on the way and company can get damage in market. Thus Our company should get ready for all condition. Also We can increase usage by existing by loyalty. My idea is : we can give to them special things. (if someone use Thy two times in a month , we can give to them extra baggage chance. Not 15 kg. maybe 20 or more.. ) We should feel our customer special for us. I have one really original idea. When they buy ticket , we should learn their birthdate. And The customer which has account in ourwebsite , when Their birthday come ; Our customer can have special promotion. We can send e-mail to them and : Happy birthday. Here is your special promotion number. You can get %40 percent discount with you flight. Remember you should buy till tonight ( But When we are doing this strategy , we should be carefully too much. Because Some foxy person can create unreal birthday ( That’s why we can decide that : Just One person can get this special promotion in each plane. Market development Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including: †¢ New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country †¢ New product dimensions or packaging †¢ New distribution channels (e. g. oving from selling via retail to selling using e-commerce and mail order) †¢ Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments Market development is a more risky strategy than market penetration because of the targeting of new markets. For Turkish Ai rlines :Customer of Turkish Airlines are : %59. 4 in Europe , % 15 Middle Eastern , %12. 9 Asia , %7. 6 Africa , % 5. 2 America. America is far from Turkey. That’s why person who is from America, can choose another company which is located in America. Although Africa close to Turkey , There is just less our customer in Africa. We can focus on the our customers which live in Africa. Well , What Can we do for get more customer from Africa ? [pic] We can see from this picture : We are flying just 3 destinations which are in Africa . That’s why Our percentage of customers which are in Africa , too less in our all customers. We can fly 2-3 new destinations more. We know that their economics are not good but we can provide low price with small plane and make no compromises from our quality. And also we can campaing. For example : When you buy Turkish Airlines ticket , 10% of The money which you pay , goes to homeless or person who cant find food.. It will be better. Because you know most of them cant find food. It ? s good to loyalty for Turkish Airlines. Product development Product development is the name given to a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets. This strategy may require the development of new competencies and requires the business to develop modified products which can appeal to existing markets. A strategy of product development is particularly suitable for a business where the product needs to be differentiated in order to remain competitive. A successful product development strategy places the marketing emphasis on: †¢ Research development and innovation †¢ Detailed insights into customer needs (and how they change) †¢ Being first to market For Turkish Airlines Istanbul Ataturk Airport has parking problems. There is not enough empty places for all of passengers cars. And passengers usually does not enough time to fing for parcing area. Turkish Airlines can provide their customers about parcing service. Our advice is to avoid loss of time looking for a place to park when you arrive at the airport by your car, why not leave your car at one of the valet delivery points in front of the domestic international terminals and THY CIP Building taking advantage of the comfort and for 3 hours it can be free. The other problem is delays. There are lots of reason about delays but passengers are not responsible about this topic. In case of a 3  h delay THY can returns the ticket; and in case of a 5  h delay it both returns the ticket and gives free ticket to its passengers. New products for turkish airlines can be PS3 which is game console. You can play a lot of games during the flights. Th? s ? dea is better for customers who are between 15 and 30 years old. Maybe ? t ? s not good for business class but they are people. It doesn’t mean they are working all time. Sometimes They need rest and don’t want to think about work , spend time for different things. It ? s good choose for think about different . Diversification of products (services) Diversification is a form of corporate strategy for a company. It seeks to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. Diversification can occur either at the business unit level or at the corporate level. At the business unit level, it is most likely to expand into a new segment of an industry that the business is already in. At the corporate level, it is generally via investing in a promising business outside of the scope of the existing business unit. The strategies of diversification can include internal development of new products or markets, acquisition of a firm, alliance with a complementary company, licensing of new technologies, and distributing or importing a products line manufactured by another firm. Generally, the final strategy involves a combination of these options. This combination is determined in function of available opportunities and consistency with the objectives and the resources of the company. For Turkish Airlines Improving in-flight services is a major move that could differentiate Turkish Airlines. Providing a different in-flight product, such as catering that influence the Turkish tradition (cuisine) and hospitality, and specific product tailored for the business travellers focusing on their needs and wants, would attract more passengers looking for enjoyable and influential travel experience. Entertainment and communication in-flight systems are major advantage of Turkish Airlines. A great opportunity for Turkish Airlines, as the largest carrier for Turkey in the EU market is to expand its presence and extend the route networks into regional airports. This will enable the company to draw huge amount of traffic, knowing that the EU travel market is a lucrative opportunity. Turkish Airlines is one of the very few airlines in the world that implemented private suite on its long haul fleet. This is a unique product focused towards the needs of superior customers and awareness of this product in the EU market will increase the passenger demand for the onward flights of Turkish Airlines from Istanbul. Cost reductions can be achieved by reducing the office premises and ground staff the airline use. Focusing on online bookings, e-customer services and e-technology will be a major objective in achieving cost cuts. Thus, the benefit would be given to consumers in the way of cheaper tickets or special discounts.

A to Z Animal Profiles List By Scientific Name

A to Z Animal Profiles List By Scientific Name We use common names for animals in everyday speech, but scientists have a different method of naming creatures, called binomial nomenclature or two-word naming. This scientific naming system avoids confusion when a scientist is speaking to a colleague who speaks another language- or when different animals are given the same name in various regions. For instance, if scientists who speak English, Russian, Spanish, French and Japanese all are talking about a Balaenoptera musculus, they all know they are speaking about the same animal: Its the sea mammal the English speaker knows as the blue whale. Latin words are used, with the first term identifying the genus to which the animal belongs. (This is the animals generic name or generic epithet.) The second term identifies the species. (This is the animals specific name or specific epithet.) A Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishesAgalychnis callidryas - Red-eyed tree frogAiluropoda melanoleuca - Giant pandaAlces americanus - American mooseAmblyrhynchus cristatus - Marine iguanaAmphibia - AmphibiansAnimalia - AnimalsAnser indicus - Bar-headed gooseAnseriformes - WaterfowlAntilocapra americana - PronghornAnura - Frogs and toadsAplysia californica - California sea hareArchilochus colubris - Ruby-throated hummingbirdArthropoda - ArthropoodsArtiodactyla - Even-toed ungulatesAves - Birds B Baeolophus bicolor - Tufted titmouseBalaeniceps rex - ShoebillBalaenoptera musculus - Blue whaleBatoidea - Skates and raysBison bison - American bisonBranta canadensis - Canada gooseBranta sandvicensis - Nene gooseBufo bufo - European common toad C Campephilus principalis - Ivory-billed woodpeckerCanidae - CanidsCanis lupus arctos - Arctic wolfCaracal caracal - CaracalCarcharodon carcharias - Great white sharkCaretta caretta - Loggerhead turtleCarnivora - CarnivoresCastor canadensis - American beaverCepphus columba - Pigeon guillemotCeratotherium simum - White rhinocerosCetacea - CetaceansChelonia - Turtles and tortoisesChelonia mydas - Green sea turtleChiroptera - BatsChondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishesChordata - ChordatesCichlidae - CichlidsCiconiiformes - Herons, storks, ibises and spoonbillsCnidaria - CnidariaConolophus subcristatus - Galapagos land iguanaCrocodilia - CrocodiliansCyclura cornuta - Rhinoceros iguana D Danaus plexippus - Monarch butterflyDasypus novemcinctus - Nine-banded armadilloDaubentonia madagascariensis - Aye-ayeDelphinus delphis - Common dolphinDendrobates auratus - Green poison dart frogDermochelys coriacea - Leatherback sea turtleDiceros bicornis - Black rhinocerosDiomedea exulans - Wandering albatrossDugong dugong - Dugong E Echinodermata - EchinodermsElasmobranchii - Sharks, skates and raysElephas maximus - Asiatic elephantEquus asinus somalicus - Somali wild assEquus burchellii - Burchells zebraEquus caballus przewalskii - Przewalskis wild horseEretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill sea turtleErithacus rubecula - European robinEschrichtius robustus - Gray whaleEudocimus ruber - Scarlet ibis F Falconiformes - Birds of preyFelidae - CatsFratercula arctica - Atlantic puffinFregatidae - Frigatebirds G Gastropoda - Gastropods, slugs and snailsGavialis gangeticus - GavialGeochelone nigra - Galapagos tortoiseGiraffa camelopardalis - GiraffeGorilla gorilla - GorillaGymnophiona - Caecilians H Hippopotamus amphibus - HippopotamusHomo neanderthalensis - NeandertalHyaenidae - HyenasHyperoodon ampullatus - Northern bottlenose whale I Insecta - InsectsIsoptera - Termite L Lagenorhynchus acutus - Atlantic white-sided dolphinLagenorhynchus obscurus - Dusky dolphinLagomorpha - Hares, rabbits and pikasLoxodonta africana - African elephantLynx lynx - Eurasian lynxLynx rufus - Bobcat M Mammalia - MammalsMarsupialia - MarsupialsMeles meles - European badgerMephitidae - Skunks and stink badgersMetazoa - AnimalsMicrolophus albemarlensis - Lava lizardMollusca - MollusksMorus bassanus - Northern gannetMustela nigripes - Black-footed ferretMustelidae - MustelidsMyrmecophaga tridactyla - Giant anteater O Orcaella brevirostris - Irrawaddy dolphinOrcinus orca - OrcaOctopus vugaris - Octopus P Panthera leo - LionPanthera onca - PantherPanthera pardus - LeopardPanthera pardus orientalis - Amur leopardPanthera tigris - TigerPanthera tigris altaica - Siberian tigerPanthera uncia - Snow leopardPelicaniformes - Pelicans and relativesPerissodactyla - Odd-toed ungulatesPhascolarctos cinereus - KoalaPhoca vitulina - Common sealPhoenicopterus ruber - Greater flamingoPlatalea ajaja - Roseate spoonbillPongo pygmaeus - Bornean orangutanPorifera - SpongesPrimates - PrimatesProboscidea - ElephantsPropithecus tattersalli - Golden-crowned sifakaPterois volitans - Firefish or lionfishPteropus rodricensis - Rodriguez flying foxPuma concolor - Mountain LionPygoscelis adeliae - Adà ©lie penguin R Rangifer tarandus - CaribouReptilia - ReptilesRhincodon typus - Whale sharkRodentia - Rodents S Sarcopterygii - Lobe-finned fishesScyphozoa - JellyfishSphenisciformes - PenguinsSphenodontida - TuatarasSphyrnidae - Hammerhead sharksSquamata - Amphisbaenians, lizards and snakesStrigiformes - OwlsStruthio camelus - OstrichSuidae - PigsSula nebouxii - Blue-footed boobySuricata suricatta - Meerkat T Tamandua tetradactyla - Southern tamanduaTapiridae - TapirsTinamiformes - TinamousTragelaphus oryx - Eland antelopeTremarctos ornatus - Spectacled bearTrichechus - ManateesTrochilidae - HummingbirdsTursiops truncatus - Bottlenose dolphinTytonidae - Barn owls U Ursus Americanus - American black bearUrsus Arctos - Brown bearUrsus Maritimus - Polar bear V Varanus komodoensis - Komodo dragonVulpes vulpes - Red fox X Xenarthra - Xenarthrans

AS Level Sociology - Culture and Identity Families and Households Essay

AS Level Sociology - Culture and Identity Families and Households Wealth, Poverty and Welfare - Essay Example However the connection of income to consumption is not wholly simple. The lower class will use up greater fractions of their income on needs and the elite on wants, but the lower class also give excessively to charitable and religious groups (Haworth 2004). The equivalent of the overwhelming selection of products and services introduced in the late twentieth century is the condition that for a significant percentage of consumers some part of their spending is ‘discretionary’ (Haworth 2004). This discretion entails not only brand preferences, or one clothing style or form of diet or residential architecture rather than another. It reaches the entire notion of ‘lifestyle’ (Haworth 2004). Several families will be penny-wise and prudent, saving for their future; others will adopt a lifestyle that exceeds their means. Several families will continue buying things such as summer homes, home workshops, automobiles, and swimming pools—and other will buy experi ences such as participation in sports, concerts, plays, or operas. Veblen’s notion of ‘conspicuous consumption’ is very accurate at the turn of the 21st century (Haworth 2004), but not limited anymore to the ‘leisure classes’. ... Among the most significant concepts for categorising social life are those that assign social statutes or positions, or socially acknowledged classifications of individuals that denote position in structured social activity or social character (Ellemers, Spears & Doosje 2002). Aside from characterising and positioning individuals in social conditions, social divisions communicate identity or behavioural expectations. The latter are named roles by sociological classical role theory, a tradition applied by identity theory in social psychology (Ellemers et al. 2002). Hence, when individuals use social divisions to identify and acknowledge one another in social circumstances, they bring in role expectations for the behaviour of each other; if they use positions submissively to identify and categorise themselves, they create role expectations or purposes for their personal behaviour (Cote & Levine 2002). Perceived as self-conceptualisations, these reflexively employed positional labels ar e the emphasis of identity theorists, in which they are called ‘identities’ or ‘role-identities’ (Cote & Levine 2002). The theory of social identity in social psychology raises a comparable identity construct, but underlines identities on the basis of wide-ranging social classifications such as social class, ethnic status, and sex, instead of those related to job-related and other roles in the society’s social structure (Ellemers et al. 2002). In Mead’s and symbolic interactionism’s cognitive tradition, identity theorists define identities as â€Å"cognitive responses to oneself [or other] as an object [of consciousness]† (ibid, p. 49). From

W 9 First Impressions-Discussion- workpalce Essay

W 9 First Impressions-Discussion- workpalce - Essay Example At the end of the work day, I always double check my work and ensure that I did not leave anything pending for the next day. After all, allowing my work to pile up will affect my output and the positive impression that I strive to create in my workplace. 3. Every person you meet is a chance to make a connection. Networking is a very important part of business communication. Provide a 5-6 sentence expression of yourself that would give a great first impression. I have a sunny disposition that helps my co-workers ease into the start of the workday with a light aura. By simply smiling at them as they pass me in the hall, or by creating light small talk with the people in the next cubicle, the workload no longer seems that heavy or hectic to all of us. But that is not to say that I am not concentrated on my work from the minute I enter the office premises. I am actually concentrated on the workload I know I have to take off my desk by the end of the day. But I figure that letting the work get to me and starting the work day in a somber manner will not help get the task done faster. Rather, I look at the task set before me as a game and at the end of the day, after all the work is done, I have won the game and the prize is a quiet and relaxed night at

Health Services and Medicine Childhood Obesity Essay

Health Services and Medicine Childhood Obesity - Essay Example Childhood obesity in Kansas is rampant and considered a disease because it endangers healthy lifestyles within the city and the nation. There is global concern about the health of children and menace of childhood obesity. In America, Kansas City data shows that 31 percent of low-income children below five years of age are suffering from overweight or obese. Statistics has it that 41 percent of school-going children are obese and in the early stages of developing diabetes. Federal and state government through the Medicare system provides health care assistance to the affected individuals to address obesity-related conditions (Nelson et al., 2015). With the advancement of healthcare services and information technology, there are various technological applications implemented to reduce obesity problems. The use of the application software on the Smartphone, for instance, can be fundamental to linking doctors to monitor patient progress. That, consequently, reduces the prevalence of obesity problems. The editorials and the media campaigns educate people by creating awareness on obesity control and prevention. There are other practices limiting obesity such as the indulgence in rigorous physical activities to monitor the body mass. Smartphone Application in Obesity Control The uses of mobile technologies can help prevent and reduce the rate of childhood obesity in Kansas.

Looked After Child (LAC) Policy Analysis

Looked After Child (LAC) Policy Analysis In this essay I will be focussing on Looked After Children (LAC) as my service user group and identify relevant laws relating to the service user group and then identify recent policies which underpin this aspect of practice, and discuss the values which underpin the law in this area of practice and finally relate these legislation to my placement practice. Definition of the term looked after? The term looked after was introduced by the Children Act 1989 and refers to children who are subject to care orders and those who are voluntarily accommodated. Wherever possible, the local authority (LA) will work in partnership with parents (Pierson and Thomson, 2002). Many children will have been affected by distressing and damaging experiences including physical and sexual abuse and neglect. Some may be in care because of the illness or death of a parent. Others may have disabilities and complex needs. The majority of young people in care come from families who experience difficulties and are separated from them because their family was unable to provide adequate care. Vulnerable unaccompanied minors seeking asylum in the UK may also become looked after (Department of Education and Skills, 2004). The main pieces of legislation underpinning social services for children and young people are the Children Act 1989, the Children (Leaving Care) Act 2000 and the Adoption and Children Act 2002. Local authorities have specific legal duties in respect of children under the Children Act 1989 including: To safeguard and promote the welfare of children in their area who are in need Provided that this is consistent with the childs safety and welfare, to promote the upbringing of such children by their families, by providing services appropriate to the childs needs , to make enquiries if they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child in their area is suffering, or likely to suffer significant harm, to enable them to decide whether they should take any action to safeguard or promote the childs welfare(Brammer, 2007). Children (Leaving Care) Act 2000 places responsibilities on local authorities to provide greater support to young people living in and leaving care. These include: A duty to assess and meet the needs of young people aged 16 and 17 who qualify for the new arrangements, the provision of a personal adviser and pathway plan for all young people aged 16 to 21, or beyond for those who qualify for the new arrangements ,a duty to assist those leaving care, including with employment, education and training (the duty to assist with education and training and to provide a personal adviser and pathway plan continues for as long as a young person remains in an agreed programme, even beyond the age of 21(Brayne and Carr (2005)). Adoption and Children Act 2002 This act aligns adoption law with the Children Act 1989 to make the childs welfare the paramount consideration in all decisions to do with adoption. It includes: Provisions to encourage more people to adopt looked after children by helping to ensure that the support they need is available. A new, clear duty on local authorities to provide an adoption support service and a new right for people affected by adoption to request and receive an assessment of their needs for adoption support services .Provisions to enable unmarried couples to apply to adopt jointly, thereby widening the pool of potential adoptive parents .Stronger safeguards for adoption by improving the legal controls on intercountry adoption, arranging adoptions and advertising children for adoption .A new special guardianship order to provide security and permanence for children who cannot return to their birth families, but for whom adoption is not the most suitable option and a duty on local authorities to arrange advocacy services for looked after children and young people leaving care in the context of complaints (Department of Education and Skills,2004). The other key aspect of the duties of LAs in relation to children looked after by them is the provision of education. Every Child Matters (2000), the Children Act 1989 (s.22) (3)(a) (and amended by section 52 of the Children Act 2004) have stressed and reinforced the importance of the local authoritys duty to promote LACs educational achievements. In order to do so, a care plan needs to be produced, which would include a Personal Education Plan (PEP). The PEP would look at the childs developmental needs in terms of his/her education and, as states by Every Child Matters (2000), should be reviewed regularly. Here, partnership and inter-professional/agency work is again reinforced in order to meet the childs needs. Further, there is a need for LAs to encourage LACs to have health examinations, particularly regular checks by GPs, dentists and opticians. At the same time to acknowledge that a child can refuse this having regard to his/her age and understanding (Children Act 1989)(s.38)(6). The value of the child welfare is incorporated in the every child matters (2003) policy which emphasise that looked after children must be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve in life, make a positive contribution to society and achieve economic well being (Department of Education and Skills,2004). My second placement was with an organisation who deals with Children and Adolescents who suffer from Mental Health and also have difficulties with their status in UK. The team specifically worked with looked after children (LAC) who were suffering from emotional and psychological behavioral problems. Whilst on my placement, s31 were used most often. The social workers had to make certain that they had all the necessary documents in place before any action was taken. If a social worker interfered, without authorised documents from the courts, the birth parents could take court action against the local authorities. Legislation may at times be helpful or unhelpful for LAC. A positive aspect of legislation is that the local authority has a obligatory responsibility to make sure a care plan is in place, in accordance with the 1989 Children Acts, s26 (2) and s31A plan, within ten days of the individual being placed with the local authority. This will make sure that the individuals needs, views and wishes are taken into consideration when decisions are made. The childs parents or whoever holds parental responsibility, foster careers and an independent advisor may also be present when the care plan is been drawn up. The care plan should include factors such as the individuals education and health needs, how often contact should be made with parent/siblings. During my placement, I attended a review meeting, to discuss child x who had just been placed in a foster home. The foster carer was discussing the troubles she encountered with him, for example his challenging behavior and him missing his siblings. Following the meeting the social workers decided to speak to child x, to identify reasons for his behaviour. However, there are certain aspects of the legislation that may at times be harmful to LAC. The Children Act 1989 s22 (3) places an importance towards family stability. This may not always be in the child/young persons best interest. Kinship care may not always be suitable due to factors such as family dynamics, if the child was taken away because of abuse or neglect or there could still be contact with the birth family. The above could have a unfavorable effect on the child/young persons well being. Section 22(5) of the Children Act 1989 states that all local authority, have a duty, to consider a childs cultural and ethnic background, when placing them with foster carers. However, this may not always be possible, for service users who are from the black and ethnic minorities, due to the lack of black and ethnic minority foster carers (Colton et al, 2001). According to Colton et al (2001) there are a high proportion of black and ethnic minority children and young people, especially dual heritage service users, who are looked after. In todays society, children who are looked after are considered to be amongst the most at risk (Every child matter, 2004). Numerous having experienced hardship may be naive of their entitlements and therefore may not get their requirements met. The language often used within social work is judge to be very complex and confusing for service users, especially children and young people. Therefore Local authorities and social workers need to work in partnership with LAC, their families and agencies in order to protect and look after service users. Legislation needs to be used fittingly in order to empower service users. Research has shown when local authorities and parents work together the outcomes for the child/young person, have a higher chance of working (Thoburn et al, 1995). Social workers hold a vast amount of authority when carrying out their work therefore it is vital that they do not misuse this status. Social workers work within the restraints of policy and procedures trying to meet the needs of service users. (Allen, 1998). Good social work practice is working in partnership with all concerned. This may however cause an imbalance between the service users/family and local authority. For example, if the local authority has to remove a child due to abuse, the family may not always agree. By having awareness and working in a reflective manner, with regard to ones own personal prejudices, values and attitudes will enhance safe social work practice with service users. Legislation at times may discriminate either on a personal, cultural or structural level (Thompson, 2001). It is the duty of all social workers to be aware of this and challenge it, on all levels. In the Children Act 1989, s22 (5), tries to support anti discriminatory practice by given due consideration to LAC religious and cultural needs, before placing them with foster carers (Allen, 1998). It is important that social workers, who work with LAC and their families hold fast to the Children Act 1989.Understanding of the law is extremely important. Also social workers need to be alert and be aware of the challenge that they may meet when working within the legal framework. It is of utmost importance that social workers receive regular training to be kept informed with legislation and necessary skills, which will help to improve their current practice. Social workers need to make sure their practice is anti-discriminatory, as to empower service users and promote their autonomy. Reference Allen, N. (1998) Making sense of the Childrens Act (3rd edition), John Wiley Son Brayne, H. Carr, H. (2005) Law for Social Workers. (9th Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Colton, M.; Sanders, R.; and Williams, M. (2001) An introduction Working with children, a guide for social workers, Palgrave. Pierson, J M, Thomson (2002) Dictionary of Social Work. Harper Collins Publishers. Brammar, A. Socail Work Law,2007(2nd edition),Pearson Education Ltd. Thompson, N. (2001) Anti-Discriminatory Practice (3rd edition), Palgrave Thoburn, J.; Lewis, A and Shemmings, D. (1995) Paternalism or Partnership Family Involment in the Child Protection Process, Blackwell. Every Child Matters (2000) Guidance on the education of children and young people in public care 2000. [Online]. Available from: http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/files/9E18CB7F9306BA85A821C24BBCE18082.pdf (Accessed 4/5/2007).

Heart Of Darkness And Apocolypse Now : Analysis Of Book and Movie :: essays research papers fc

Heart of Darkness and Apocolypse Now : analysis of book&movie Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Inherent inside every human soul is a savage evil side that remains repressed by society. Often this evil side breaks out during times of isolation from our culture, and whenever one culture confronts another. Joseph Conrad's book, The Heart of Darkness and Francis Coppola's movie, Apocalypse Now are both stories about Man's journey into his self, and the discoveries to be made there. They are also about Man confronting his fears of failure, insanity, death, and cultural contamination. Heart of Darkness is about a man named Marlo telling of a trip he took into Africa to find a man named Kurtz for a company. During Marlow's mission to find Kurtz, he is also trying to find himself. He, like Kurtz had good intentions upon entering the Congo. Conrad tries to show us that Marlow is what Kurtz had been, and Kurtz is what Marlow could become. Every human has a little of Marlow and Kurtz in them. Along the trip into the wilderness, they discover their true selves through contact with savage natives. As Marlow ventures further up the Congo, he feels like he is traveling back through time. He sees the unsettled wilderness and can feel the darkness of it's solitude. Marlow comes across simpler cannibalistic cultures along the banks. The deeper into the jungle he goes, the more regressive the inhabitants seem. Kurtz had lived in the Congo, and was separated from his own culture for quite some time. He had once been considered an honorable man, but the jungle changed him greatly. Here, secluded from the rest of his own society, he discovered his evil side and became corrupted by his power and solitude. Marlow tells us about the Ivory that Kurtz kept as his own, and that he had no restraint, and was " a tree swayed by the wind." (Conrad 209) Marlow mentions the human heads displayed on posts that "showed that Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts." (Conrad, 220) Conrad also tells us "his†¦ nerves went wrong, and ca used him to preside at certain midnight dances ending with unspeakable rights, which†¦ were offered up to him," (Conrad, 208) meaning that Kurtz went insane and allowed himself to be worshipped as a god. It appears that while Kurtz had been isolated from his culture, he had become corrupted by this violent native culture, and allowed his evil side to control him.

Positive Attitude

Dennis Brown once said, â€Å"The only difference between a good day and a bad day is your attitude. † As someone who always tried to keep a positive attitude in life, it is hard for me to imagine a world where people are not as optimistic about everyday deals. After hitting my Junior year in IB; however, the effects of the stress load really began to affect my attitude towards life. However, even though I barely just began this experience, I can truly say that a positive attitude can go a long way.As we explore this idea, we’ll first discover the benefits of being positive, next look at the negatives of losing hope, and finally learn how to keep life beautiful with a beautiful attitude. An anonymous person with a great outlook on life once said, â€Å"You've got to take the good with the bad, smile with the sad, love what you've got, and remember what you had. Always forgive, but never forget. Learn from mistakes, but never regret. † Though, this person did not disclose their name, their point is simple and clear. Staying positive is better than being negative.It is scientifically proven that staying positive can help decrease stress levels, increase lifespan, and can actually cause a greater resistance to the common cold and many other diseases. Ph. D. Doctor Martin Brofman discovered the benefits of keeping an upbeat attitude at all times. Brofman was diagnosed terminal cancer in 1975 and was told that he only had two months to live; two months before he would be forced to confront with death. Determined to make the most of his last few weeks, he refused to let anything get him down by keeping a positive attitude at all times.When the sky looked rainy during the time he was sick, the sun would come out at his command. He would imagine his cancer cells each dying off, one at a time; he would insist that everything would be okay. Two months later, he went back to visit the doctor that declared him terminally ill. The doctor, in return, had laughed in joy and stated that perhaps they had made a mistake. Brofman later quotes that â€Å"In order to release a symptom, one must release the way of being associated with it. Thus, the process of healing implies a process of transformation. Along with the positives of being positive, there are also several consequences for being negative. According to scientific research, negative attitude can decrease lifespan, cause stress levels to rise drastically which can cause many medical problems such as heart attack, hypertension, diabetes, and can create an unpleasant future. There are six main types of negativity: the miserable type, the silent killer, the drama queens, the woe is, the paranoid type, and finally the trigger type. These all have one thing in common: they tend to see many things in a negative light.According to Winston Churchill, â€Å"The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. † In the end, the question asked is: would you rather see the difficulty or the opportunity? If the answer is to see opportunity, there are several ways to create a more positive attitude. Firstly, gratitude. If you are grateful towards things that you have, then you tend to have a positive outlook towards your life. It is said that Gratitude is the beginning of all virtues. The next step would be choosing happiness.Be happy; be positive; even when everything is looking rough, there is always light at the end of the tunnel. Thirdly would be substituting problems for challenges. Don’t think of it as a problem, think of it as a challenge. Fourthly, view life as a journey; not a long, weary trek in the end where you go to sleep dejected and exhausted. Think of life as a ride, a ride with twists and turns but nevertheless an honest to goodness fun ride. Next, when you wake up in the morning, think about what a wonderful day it is. A positive start will nearly always end happily.Lastly, stop and s mell the roses and appreciate even the little things in life. As Maurice Setter once said, â€Å"Too many people miss the silver lining because they are too busy looking for the gold. † Often times, people take things for granted and do not look at the positive side of life. However, as shown previously, a positive attitude can create not only great health but also help the people around you. In this sense, a positive attitude is necessary for one to feel truly happy in their lives and necessary for one to truly live the fullest they can.

Introduction to Management Essay

Panera bread Ronald Shaich, CEO and chair man of Panera bread made a phenomenal growth in revenue of the company from $350.8 million to $ 977.1 million in just 3 years from year 2000 to 2003. However the growth has continued slowing down from that year on so a strategy is being strategized to help Panera Bread survive. The objective is to make Panera a nationally dominating brand by following a corporate strategy of growth by the combination of company and franchise efforts. With a clear objective it would help the company and its staff to know their goal and what they are achieving for. The concept is to deliver against the key consumer trends; to present a fast casual dining experience but also providing varieties of new and healthier menus to cater for the market segments. Improvements are done not only the product but also improving the overall operating systems, design and real estates. For the company’s image participating in the local community charity for corporate social responsibility. See more: introduction paragraph example The policies are all franchisees are to follow the same standards for product quality, menu, site selection, and bakery cafà © construction as the company’s. The company believed that the employee was a critical part of successful product and a unique company so by entrusting the employees to the fresh dough and support center operations with skilled associates and invested in training programs to ensure the quality and its operations. Recommended strategy Panera is to adopt Growth strategy through horizontal integration and using franchising as its key component to Panera’s growth strategy. The reason for continuing the horizontal integration is because does not have the capabilities to employ full backward/ forward integration. Thus vertical integration is not suitable in this case. The horizontal integration matches with the Panera’s concept bakery-cafes and it is the way for Panera to be able to grow more rapidly. Competitive strategy used is Differentiation, employing the Differentiation strategy; Panera will be able to charge higher prices to cover the increasing fixed costs. However with higher quality products than of fast food chains’, tailored menus, upscale dà ©cor and Panera’s commitment to customer it is very possible to charge higher price. Improvements should be made in the Human Resource department in compensation & benefits system. Salaried staffs get product discount, bonuses, incentive programs, training, and employee stock ownership plans however salaried worker should be rewarded too through recognition & award system or giving out vouchers to the non salaried workers. Management team The management team would be lead by all the executives and presidents in the company who has and extensive experience in managing and executing the Panera business. Mainly to manage all the important sectors like the Concept, Development, Joint Venture, Franchise, Supply Chain, Operating, Financial and the Administrative. II. COMPANY BACKGROUND Panera bread has been around from 1976. Ronald Shaich, CEO and chairman of Panera bread was the person who created the company together with the master baker called Shaich who combined ingredients. The duo made the phenomenal growth of the company with the guidance of Shaich, the revenue of Panera bread rose from franchise of 419 shops, the average annualized unit volumes (AUVs) increased from 9.1% to 12% a well but in the consecutive year the increase slow down from 0.2% to 0.5%. Before it became a very successful company, there was Au Bon Pain which was purchased by Louis Kane in 1978. The bakery faced a $3 million in debt while struggling with 13 stores but 10 was shut down. Ronald Shaich came into the picture when Kane was about to declare bankrupt. Shaich who owned a bakery: Cookie Jar merged together with Au Bon Pain in 1981 these was to help the sell in the morning. The two expanded the business and decreased the debt between 1981 and 1984. In 1985 Au Bon Pain became a place for urban folk who were tired of fast food. By 1991 Kane and Shaich took the company public and had 200 stores and $183 million in sales. The duo continued expanding by buying over St. Louis Bread Company from Ken Rosenthal, which had 19-store bakery cafà © in St. Louis area. While Au Bon Pain was focusing on making St. Louis bread a national brand the expansion of the urban outlet had operational problems and had a debt of $65 million. Lacking of capital they sold Au Bon Pain and concentrated on Panera, which the name that was change to in May 16, 1999, being debt free the cash allowed expansion of the bakery cafe stores. III. CURRENT SITUATION III.A. CURRENT PERFORMANCE Panera has been experiencing rapid growth under the leadership of Ronald Shaich. Under his guidance, Panera ‘s total system wide revenue rose from $350.8 million to $ 977.1 million in just 3 years from year 2000 to 2003 respectively. This rapid growth is caused by the new unit expansion of 419 bakery-cafes from 1999 to 2003. However as the year passed by, the company’s system wide sales & average annualized unit volumes began to decline. The growth rate has slows down for Panera. To continue growing, Panera will need to develop new strategies, initiatives and new unit growth. There are 2 classes of Common Stock ownership in the company: (1). Class A Stock with 28,345,754 shares outstanding and 1 vote per share. (2) Class B Stock with 1,761,521 shares outstanding and 3 votes per share. The company’s revenues were derived from company-owned bakery-cafà © sales, fresh dough sales to franchisees, and franchise royalties & fees. The total company revenues rose 28.1% to $355.9million in 2003 compared to $ 277.8 million in 2002. The increase in revenue was due to the opening of 131 new bakery-cafes in 2003. From 2002 to 2003 the bakery-cafà © sales has increased by 25.1% from $212.6 million to $265.9 million. This is due to a full year’s operation of 23 company-owned bakery-cafes created in 2002, the opening of 29 company-owned bakery-cafes in 2003, and the 1.7% increase in comparable bakery-cafà © sales for 2003. III.B. STRATEGIC POSTURE †¢ Mission statement 1. To extend its franchise relationship beyond its current franchises. 2. To doing the best bread In America 3. Panera’s concept was designed around meeting the needs and desires of consumers, specially the need for efficient, time saving service and the desire for a high quality dining experience. †¢ Objectives 1. To make Panera a nationally dominant brand. †¢ Strategy 1. The concept is to deliver against the key consumer trends, to present a fast casual dining experience. 2. Following a corporate strategy of growth by the combination of company and franchise efforts. 3. Providing varieties of new and healthier menus to cater for the market segments. 4. Testing prototypes for product development. 5. Improving the overall operating systems, design and real estate. 6. Participating in the local community charity.

Teen driving †The Chaos and The Cure

Teen driving – The Chaos and The Cure Free Online Research Papers Outline The teen driver have seen many changes in driving restrictions over the years but these restrictions have not curbed fatalities and injuries among drivers ages 16 -18 years old. 1. History of the driver’s license and teen driving statistics a. History of the driver’s license b. Teen fatality statistics c. The effects of ten driver accidents 2. The reason for teen driver error a. Immaturity b. Changes in drivers education c. Speeding and not wearing a seat belt d. Alcohol e. Distraction f. Cell phones 3. Laws and measure taken to curb teen driver accidents a. Graduated driving laws b. Cell Phone ban 4. The future of teen drivers. a. The black box b. Stricter parenting Teen driving – the chaos and the cure Teenagers dream of the day when they will receive their license and take a step closer to independence and gaining freedom from their parents. It is the rite of passage that many fifteen year olds yearn for. We count the days to our 16th birthday, waiting to make a trip to the Department of Motor Vehicles to receive our permit. It is exciting, exhilarating and just the mere thought of racing down the country roads makes our spine tingleFreedom! We all remember those months leading up to getting our permits but in those first days behind the wheel do we think about the number of deaths and accidents that occur due to teen driving? The number of families destroyed, futures cut short all because that excitement we feel takes us over and turns our impressionable 16 year old into a reckless, irresponsible drivers. The government has implemented laws to curb this problem but to no avail. I will deal with the following questions. What causes teen driving to be the no. 1 killer in America? Are the laws implemented by the government sufficient? What more can be done? Automobile crashes are the no. 1 killers of teens in the United States says Martha Irvine the author of the article Campaigns, Laws Try to Curb Deadly Teen Wrecks. She goes on to add â€Å"thousands of driving-age teens still die in crashes each year.† (1) The statistic don’t lie, the Centre for Disease Control reiterates Irvine’s claim â€Å"In 2008 nine teens ages 16 to 19 died every day from motor vehicle injuries.† Katie Thomas in her article Teens: Safer Drivers Ahead? points out an interesting percentage Drivers aged 15 to 20 comprise only 7 percent of licensed drivers nationwide, but about 14 percent of all highway fatalities† (2) Taking into account these staggering factors there is no doubt that teen driving is a definite problem. In the United States, teenagers drive less than all but the oldest people, but their numbers of crashes and crash deaths are disproportionately high. In South and North Dakota, Idaho, Iowa, Alaska, Arkansas, Kansas, and Montana the legal age to apply for a permit is 14 yrs and 6 months. Is a 14 yr old too immature to handle an automobile? Research conducted by the National Institute of Health thinks so â€Å"The part of the brain that weighs risks and controls impulsive behavior isnt fully developed until about age 25.† In another article, â€Å"Keeping Teen Drivers Alive: What Can Be Done to Fight the No. 1 Cause of Death in Youths?† Temple University psychologist Steinberg writes â€Å"the brain of a 15 or 16 year old had the ability to be logical in reasoning but since his minds social and emotional development is relatively immature.† â€Å"He finds risk and thrill seeking attractive which makes him vulnerable to distraction and peer pressure.(2)† W hat exactly is going on in the teen brain that makes the driver more vulnerable to crashing, no one knows for sure, Steinberg said. But it is likely due to the combination of a relatively more activated brain system that propels individuals toward sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior and a still immature brain system that helps individuals regulate emotions and behavior.† Mellissa Savage in her article Surviving Driving says â€Å"20 percent of 16-year-olds are involved in an accident during their first year of driving.†(3) The first year of driving is the most critical part of a new driver education behind the wheel but as the economy is in a slump many schools have had to pull back the funds directed to drivers education. This leaves it up to the parents to either teach the child or send them to a driver education class at a commercial driving school. Commercial driving schools could cost $350 to $700, leaving the parents who cannot afford these classes to teach their child. Even for those who can do it, the combination of parents, teenagers and learning how to drive can be volatile. Parents may find a way past a volatile environment that is created by being your child’s teacher, but the informal teaching methods will pass on the bad habits from the parent to the child as the parents have no guide lines that need to be followed as an instructor teaching drivers education would. Teens are more likely than older drivers to speed and allow shorter headways (the distance from the front of one vehicle to the front of the next). The presence of male teenage passengers increases the likelihood of this risky driving behavior. Of male drivers killed between 15 and 20 years of age 38% were speeding .A common cause of teen driver accidents is speeding, as soon as a teen gets behind the wheel the words â€Å"I have the need, a need for speed† can be heard echoing in his head. Therefore it’s not a surprise that teens are more likely to speed and tailgate and less likely to wear seat belts than older drivers. Compared with other age groups; teens have the lowest rate of seat belt use. In 2005, 10% of high school students reported they rarely or never wear seat belts when driving or riding with someone else. Underage drinking has been a problem for many years. A drunk teen behind a wheel of car leads to lethal combination. Historically, most states had drinking ages of 21 after the end of Prohibition in 1933. However, from 1970 to 1975, more than half dropped it to 18 after baby boomers argued that if they could be drafted to fight in Vietnam; they should be allowed to drink. Then, after a campaign by Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD) and several studies describing teenage drinking as an epidemic, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. It required states to raise the age to 21 within two years or lose part of their federal aid for highways. This has not stopped the high school or college kids from finding ways to get alcohol. Of male drivers killed between 15 and 20 years of age, 24% had been drinking and driving. About 23% of drivers ages 15 to 20 who died in car crashes had a Blood Alcohol Counts of 0.08 or higher. Even after the awareness has been raised a bout teen drinking driving about 30% of teens reported within the previous 30 days, they had been a passenger in a car with a driver who had been drinking alcohol and one in 10 teens said they personally had driven after drinking alcohol. Inexperienced teen drivers are more easily distracted than others. Behind the wheel they are less likely to recognize and react quickly to dangerous driving conditions. New drivers, particularly young men, often show off and are prone to taking risks. Distracted driving is a catchall term says Stephanie Hanes.† all sorts of behavior behind the wheel, from eating to applying makeup to texting† she says can be found primarily in teen drivers. She goes on to say â€Å"A distracted driver has what psychologists call inattention blindnessthe brain does not process what is physically within eyesight, such as a red light.†(4) Arizona representative Steve Farley who is trying to get bills passed to curb teen driver distraction says Distracted driving can be as impairing as drunk driving. Its been a big problem here and I knew that I had do something about it. â€Å" When the cell phone was first introduced there was no doubt it made our lives much easier, the flexibility and the convenience. The cell phone is no longer a device used to make phone calls, with the added feature of texting, instant messaging, applications for facebook and other social networks it has become a must have for teenagers. Teens from ages of 12 to 19 are often inseparable from the extended arm, this obsession with their cell phone does not end when they get behind the wheel, it continues. Stephanie Hanes in her article Texting While Driving: The New Drunk Driving writes â€Å"Study upon study showed talking on a cell phone while driving was far more dangerous than shed realizedthat a driver on a phone had the same reaction speed as someone legally intoxicated, those talking on a phone behind the wheel are four times as likely to crash, that texting while driving is even more dangerous. And studies repeatedly showed that hands-free headsetssometimes advertised as safer- were no less dangerous.†(2) In order to curb teen driver accidents 32 states in the last year have passed 80 different amendments and laws. The most promising law that was passed in recent years passed in Florida in 1996, the Graduated Drivers License (GDL) laws. Its a system designed to phase in young beginners to full driving privileges as they become more mature and develop their driving skills. There are 3 stages to a graduated system: a supervised learners period; an intermediate license (after passing the driver test) which limits driving in high-risk situations except under supervision; and then a license with full privileges, available after completing the first 2 stages. The best systems include a learners stage beginning at age 16 and lasting at least 6 months, 30 or more hours of supervised driving, plus restrictions on unsupervised night driving and passengers during the first 6 to 12 months of licensure. The nighttime driving restriction should start at 9 or 10 p.m., and no more than 1 teen passeng er should be allowed any time of day. There has been a considerable drop in fatalities and injuries among 15 – 17 yr old drivers after the inception of the Graduated driver’s license. (GDL) Other notable laws have been incepted are the cell phone law. More states are now banning the use of cell phones in order to curb the number of accidents caused by texting or talking on phone the while driving. Teens have prohibition on non-emergency use of cell phones and other communications devices until age 19. According to the Department of Motor Vehicles driver 16 to 17 yr olds must wear a seat belt or be fined if found without one. A mere $15 fine in the past has now been raised to $75. What else can we do to curb teen fatalities and accidents? New innovations to monitor teen driving habits have been devised but not yet for sale. 0ne such device is the black box, similar to the black box found in a plane. Robert Davis writes of the black box â€Å"it records data like the cars speed and growls warnings when the driver is going too fast or turning too hard. Parents can check the box later and see for themselves just how fast their teen-ager was driving.† Teens may not like being monitored but it may save lives. Sharon Silke Carty believes in approaching teen drivers with a more traditional method she says â€Å"Parents play an important role in curbing bad teen driving. It’s proven that stricter rules enforced positively have lowered teen accidents. â€Å"(2) She goes on to say â€Å"Teens who say their parents are actively involved cut their risk of drinking and driving by 70%, are half as likely to speed and 30% less likely to use a cell phone.â⠂¬  (2) Diane Lynn writes of a family â€Å"Our local pediatrician and his wife, parents of seven, take a different approach: They pay their children $2,000 each NOT to drive alone until turning 18. This money would be approximately the cost of insurance if the teenager were driving. Instead, it is applied to the purchase of a car when the child turns 18.†(1) Not a practical approach in every family’s circumstance but an innovative way to give your child incentive to put off driving till he better equipped to handle it. The chaos caused by teen driving fatalities or accidents is undeniable but is the government doing enough to curb this problem? I don’t think so. The graduating drivers license is a start but if we don’t take into consideration we are placing a huge responsibility in the hands of a teen whose brain will not be fully developed till he is 25 we will not find a cure to this problem. So why with all these various studies being done is the legal age to obtain a drivers permit in 7 out of 50 state still 14yrs and 6 months? Parents would like not to drive their children everywhere. Teens would like to have their independence but unless a driver has the education, the willingness and support of parents willing to monitor and instill good driving habits in their children. A 16 yr old should not be given the keys to the car. The chaos rages on and unless radical moves are made to curb teen driver accidents a will not be found. Work Cited Carty, Sharon Silke. Teens Driving Tied to Folks. USA Today 25 Sep 2009: B.5. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010 Thomas, Katie. Teens: Safer Drivers Ahead? Newsday (Long Island, NY) Oct. 4 1998: A7+. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. Irvine, Martha. Campaigns, Laws Try to Curb Deadly Teen Wrecks. Las Vegas Review- Journal (Las Vegas, NV) 13 May 2001: 3A+. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. ODonnell, Jayne. If a Teens at the Wheel, Crashes Fit a Pattern. USA Today Feb. 28 2005: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. Gregory, Ted, and John McCormick. Keeping Teen Drivers Alive: What Can Be Done to Fight the No. 1 Chicago Tribune (Chicago, IL) 05 Mar 2006: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. Savage, Melissa. Teen Driver Tune-Up. State Legislatures Vol. 35 No. 8 Sep 2009: 20-21. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. Sundeen, Matt. Driving While Distracted. State Legislatures Vol. 34 No. 5 May 2008: 20-21. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. Hanes, Stephanie. Texting While Driving: The New Drunk Driving. Christian Science Monitor 05 Nov 2009: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. Davis, Robert. Teen at Wheel Makes Driving Doubly Deadly. USA Today July 5-7 2002: 1A- 2A. SIRS Researcher. Web. 21 March 2010. rmiia.org/auto/teens/Teen_Driving_Statistics.asp car-accidents.com/teen-car-accidents.html cdc.gov/MotorVehicleSafety/Teen_Drivers/teendrivers_factsheet.html ct.gov/teendriving/lib/teendriving/handoutteen_lawssupplementfinal.pdf dmv.ca.gov/teenweb/more_btn6/traffic/traffic.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drivers_license_in_the_United_States Research Papers on Teen driving – The Chaos and The CurePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export QuotasEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

The Company Report. Astra Zeneca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Company Report. Astra Zeneca - Essay Example AstraZeneca was incorporated in 1992 and is headquartered in London. It has 27 manufacturing sites in 19 countries. The company's portfolio of marketed medicines include Arimidex, Crestor, Nexium, Seroquel, Symbicort, Pulmicort, Zoladex, Seloken/Toprol-XL, Diprivan and Merrem. Across all activities, AstraZeneca continued to work closely with all stakeholders to provide medicines that meet patient needs and add value for society, within the scope of existing therapy areas and beyond. 1. Strengthening pipeline of new medicines: To bring the most benefit for patients and those who treat them, one must continue to understand what makes a difference for them - and apply that insight across all activities to remain targeted on their changing needs. For the future, sustainable long-term success depends on further strengthening the flow of new products - whether from own laboratories or from outside AstraZeneca. 2. Marketing: Understanding the customer requirements and inventing a product that solves customer problems will not generate revenues for any organization. Success of any product depends on the way it is projected, marketed and on its lifecycle. This not exempt to pharmaceuticals industry. So, constant efforts have been made by the company on Marketing and delivering the full potential of all marketed medicines, through rigorous life-cycle management and excellent customer support. 3. Investment:. That investment is focused on life-cycle management of key marketed products, developing new products with an emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness improvements, and intelligent acquisition and licensing of products and technologies that will supplement our internal efforts. Major investments were also announced during the year in new R&D facilities that will support this strategy, notably in the UK and China. Company's recent performance: Strengthening pipeline of new medicines: Enhancing in-house discovery and development: During 2006, the company continued to improve the efficiency of internal R&D processes and the effectiveness of decision-making so that we can quickly eliminate weaker drug candidates. The results of drive to improve productivity are reflected in the sustained size of the early development portfolio. During 2006, 21 candidate drugs were selected for development (compared with 25 in 2005 and 18 in 2004).We have a number of compounds in the later stages of

Defining toughness in college hoops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining toughness in college hoops - Essay Example It is evident from the study that Jay Bilas, the author of the article â€Å"Defining toughness in college hoops† clarified that his original perception of toughness was â€Å"physical and based on how much punishment I could dish out and how much I could take†. Therefore, by using explicit description of what toughness was not necessarily what it obviously means, the author started establishing his arguments using narration, description, and comparison. For example, the guidelines expounded on setting a good screen, the author defined what it takes for basketball players to manifest the necessary actions in terms of â€Å"improving the chances for a teammate to get open†¦and greatly improving your chances of getting open. A good screen can force the defense to make a mistake†. In contrast, setting a bad screen was not effectively described. The only explanation provided was that â€Å"a lazy or bad screen is a waste of everyone's time and energy†. Th e definition is lacking and insufficient to clearly differentiate disparity with an effective strategy. In addition, as readers get to evaluate the guidelines, it was apparent that the author did not provide an effective structure or logical format of presentation. In this regard, there is failure to use logical reasoning. The guidelines, though effective in the entirety, could have been presented in a more logical structure that categorizes the topics in sub-headings. For example, the author explained â€Å"set a good screen† and another topic as â€Å"don’t get screened†. These topics could actually be lumped together under ‘techniques for effective screening’. ... Another example is the author’s discussion on: â€Å"jump to the ball† (Bilas 2) and â€Å"play the ball, see your man† (Bilas 3); which could again be discussed in one sub-heading that could be entitled ‘tough ways of handling the ball’. The guidelines were apparently written in no particular order and could have been presented depending on the ideas that came to the author’s mind. It could be rationalized though that since the author knew that the article was specifically written with basketball enthusiasts, particularly players, as the audience of his discourse, the style, format or structure would not be examined and critiqued to diminish the veracity of the contents. However, considering that the author was duly established as a renowned basketball analyst, his credibility in providing the information was rightfully validated. Further, as indicated from the discourse, his personal experiences playing â€Å"in the ACC, for USA Basketball, in NBA training camps, and as a professional basketball player in Europe† (Bilas 1) has proven that he was acquired vast authority in to relay competency in the topic. The ability to conform to ethos due to his reputable background made his contentions and arguments valid. Finally, the article’s ability to more the audience through eliciting emotional appeal could be viewed as effective. The main support to validate the author’s success was his narrative discourse attesting that when he initially wrote a short blog on the topic, the response was â€Å"overwhelming. Dozens of college basketball coaches called to tell me that they had put the article up in the locker room, put it in each player's locker, or had gone over it in detail with