Exploring The Concept Of Cubism Art Essay

Investigating The Concept Of Cubism Art Essay Cubism was one of the most powerful workmanship developments of the twentieth century. It occurred among 1907 and around 1914. The pioneers of the Cubist development were Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881 1973) and Georges Braque (French, 1882 1963). Cubism was one of the most noteworthy changes in thoughts throughout the entire existence of craftsmanship. It took into consideration the improvement of a significant number of the theoretical current workmanship developments in territories, for example, Futurism and Constructivism. The one of the fundamental qualities of Cubism would be the introducing of a three dimensional article as a theoretical structure on a two dimensional surface. So as to accomplish this, objects are defragmented, broke down, and reproduced in a theoretical structure. The shapes are straightened onto the two dimensional surface of the canvas with the goal that various points of the article can be seen simultaneously. Another unmistakable component of Cubist artistic creations would be the separating and interlocking of foundation and item in geometric game plan, making a shallow feeling of room. Both Picasso and Braque, who were living in Paris at that point, started the Cubist development. They met in late 1907 and started building up the possibility of Cubism in their works by utilizing complex examples of defragmented objects, ceaseless layouts, and a monochromatic shading plan. The term Cubism can be sourced back to a discussion between French workmanship pundit Louis Vauxcelles and Henri Matisse in 1908. Matisse depicted Braque s artistic creations, which he had submitted to the Salon d Automne, to have little 3D squares . In any case, it was Vauxcelles who authored the term Cubism in an audit about the Salon des Independants only a couple of months after the fact. Cubism can be isolated into two stages: Analytical Cubism and Synthetical Cubism. In the early stage, beginning in 1907, objects were separated, broke down, and set up in a disconnected structure. The utilization of the strategy of speaking to different sides of an article at one time characterized the work as Analytical Cubism. In 1912, the subsequent stage occurred, when Picasso and Braque started making papiers colles. The strategy included sticking different kinds of paper in their work, which portrayed Synthetic Cubism. The conspicuous effects on the advancement of Cubism were Cezannes later work and African models. In Cezannes later work, Picasso and Braque appreciated his idea of disentangling objects by considering them to be fundamental shapes, for example, chambers, circles, and cones. By investigating these ideas further, speaking to objects different perspectives simultaneously, they changed how items could be imagined in craftsmanship. In the start of the twentieth century, Europe was finding workmanship from colorful landmasses, for example, Africa and Asia. Craftsmen, for example, Picasso, were propelled by the crude and shortsighted styles of the outside societies. Picasso had first observed African workmanship when he visited the ethnographic historical center in Paris in 1907. We can see its impact obviously in Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907), the forerunner to Cubism. In his composition, he deconstructed and revised the essences of two of ladies in his work of art to seem like African covers. In doing this he made an immediate connection between the development and its motivation. The Cubist craftsmen created on the thoughts of fauvism, the craftsmanship development that had gone before it. The Fauvists needed to disentangle workmanship by returning to nuts and bolts. They did this by utilizing contorted pictures, splendid areas of shading and level examples. Their name Les Fauves implies wild monsters in French, alluding to their brutal way to deal with their structures. Cubists made this thought a stride further by utilizing straight lines and geometric examples. Logical Cubism is one of the two principle parts of Cubism. It was created somewhere in the range of 1908 and 1912 by Picasso and Braque. During this time they contemplated characteristic structures and deconstructed the structures into essential geometric parts on the two-dimensional plane of the canvas. Their solitary utilization of shading was a monochromatic plan of grays and ochre. A significant number of their arrangements by unbiased hues that had no relations to the shade of the article they were delineating. Rather than centering of shading, they focused on speaking to the normal world with shapes, for example, chambers, circles and cones. They utilized differing shades to make light and dim areas of their attempts to give their works a three dimensional quality. Instances of the early diagnostic stage would be Braques Houses at LEstaque (1908) and Picasso s Girl with a Mandolin. Manufactured Cubism was the second piece of Cubism. It was created by Picasso, Braque, and other cubist craftsmen somewhere in the range of 1912 and 1919. There was a recognizable change in progress of the Cubist craftsmen in the second period of the development. Engineered cubism is portrayed by the presentation of arrangement and papier coll , which permitted them to investigate the new impacts of profundity. The method of gluing hued or printed paper parts, for the most part news sections or sheet music, in the artworks of the Cubists denoted the main utilization of collection in artistic work, and the reason for all ensuing arrangement strategies in the years that followed. The utilization of arrangement refined utilizing discovered items , objects specialists went over by some coincidence, and making them part of their sytheses. The thought behind it was that workmanship could be found in the turmoil of regular current life. Instances of the engineered stage would be Picasso s S till Life with Chair Caning (1912), and his piece entitled Pipe, Glass, Bottle of Vieux Marc (1914). Be that as it may, it is critical to take note of that isolating of the Cubist development into scientific and engineered stages were not utilized by the craftsmen at that point. The terms were instituted by pundits of the period. By sorting the Cubist works, it forces inflexible qualifications in the strategy for the Cubists. In any case, their strategies utilized in each stage can be seen all through Cubist craftsmanship. Braque was at first associated with the Fauvist workmanship development, yet he moved away from this style in 1908 when he rediscovered Paul Cezanne and met Picasso. Braque reacted to Picassos Les Demoiselles DAvignon by painting his Grand Nude in the cubist style of geometrisation of structure and new spatial connections . In 1909 Braque and Picasso began cooperating, utilizing their different impacts to build up an entirely different method of delineating structure and space. In spite of the fact that Braque began painting scenes with Picasso, they before long found the upsides of painting still-life s rather, for example, them having the option to consider different to be of an item instead of a scene. They turned out to be dear companions and worked intently together up until the First World War in 1914. The episode of war separated their imaginative cooperation as Braque was enrolled in the French Army and needed to leave Paris. In the period between World War I and World War II , Braque adjusted an increasingly loose and open way to deal with Cubism. He was bolder in his utilization of shading and was less figuring in his portrayal of items. Nonetheless, he was still effectively devoted to utilizing the cubist strategies of fracture and concurrent point of view. Prior to starting the Cubist time of his specialty, Picasso got keen on African workmanship, which was presently being brought into Paris exhibition halls because of the growing of the French domain. These intriguing antiques roused his work during his African-affected period (1908-1909) and into his Analytic Cubism (1909-1912). During this time, Picasso was likewise propelled by crafted by Cezanne. Towards the finish of the nineteenth century, Cezanne built up painting an artistic creation for what it was a two dimensional level surface. From the Renaissance up until this point, specialists had been attempting to make the figment of three measurements inside a work of art, as though it were a window. Another strategy of his, that significantly roused Picasso, was to introduce various points of an item at the same time in an artistic creation. His thought behind it was that the eye seeing the item doesn't remain fixed on one edge of the article, yet rather moves around and gets different points of view. At the point when Picasso and Braque were presented in late 1907, they shaped a nearby bond because of their mutual advantages in Cezanne and the Cubist methods Picasso was exploring different avenues regarding in his work of art Les Demoiselles dAvignon . In the work of art, Picasso portrayed the essences of the five ladies to look like Iberian veils. The collections of the ladies are precise and not in extent. The evolving viewpoints, unnatural extents and level, cover like faces in the canvas stunned and befuddled it s watchers from the outset. Notwithstanding, these themes were investigated and created by Picasso and Braque all through the Cubist development and another style was conceived. On occasion during this period, crafted by Picasso and Braque was like such an extent that they themselves couldn't disclose to them separated. Picasso, in his assessment of crude figure and covers, come to the end result that the faces comprised of an amount of clear shapes set one next to the other. He calculated that the highlights of the face that split the face ought to be viewed as unmistakable areas. As Picasso advanced through the Cubism development, he started to paint only each article in turn, painting it from a few alternate points of view simultaneously. Picasso was effective in keeping a harmony among naturalism and reflection in his work. Prior to his cubist stage, he painted transcendently common pieces, however as he investigated his Cubist thoughts, his work turned out to be increasingly theoretical. The articles he portrayed during the period were of contorted extents and broken into sections, but since he utilized basic items, they were commonly unmistakable. Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler was an exhibition proprietor and craftsmanship pundit during the Cubist development and was to a great extent answerable for the telecom of Cubism as a style of workmanship. At the point when Picasso and Braque were delivering their Cubist works in Paris, there were nevertheless a couple of chances for their attempts to be appeared, typically the spring and harvest time salon presentations. Be that as it may, in 1910, Ka

Restructuring in business portfolio or its financing Essay

Rebuilding in business portfolio or its financing - Essay Example This organization has in excess of 70 foundations in excess of 150 nations around the world. (gsk.com, 2009) The rebuilding of the company’s portfolio or capital structure can be credited to the key needs it looks to embrace. Starting at 2008, the CEO of this organization, Andrew Witty, expressed that the GlaxoSmithKline Company had three fundamental key needs. The point of these was to accomplish tough development rates, diminish the degree of hazard just as improve the exhibition (monetarily) in the drawn out tasks of the business. As indicated by the CEO, the industry of pharmaceuticals is set to experience enormous difficulties since there will be an unpredicted number that will lose their patent security. This, in this way, will require the organization to work significantly harder to satisfy the customer interest for fresh out of the box new kinds of meds and those which are smarter to utilize. As he states it, the loss of licensing will prompt various payers needing an able financially savvy sort of social insurance. This pharmaceutical organization is accordingly deciding to improve the purchasers and patients’ lives, which is in accordance with the shareholders’ necessities. He didn't abandon taking note of that the business is confronted with a great deal of hazard and a lower pace of development to counter the equivalent. In this way, the organizations in setting need to look for more prominent degrees of come back from their R&D ventures. Interesting to the extension of the GlaxoSmithKline Company is its reasonable medicinal services business-bunch just as a general lesser profile of dangers. The point is, in this manner, to guarantee a superior degree of control in the arrangement of capital parts over the different territories of the company’s organizations. This organization has a future objective of creating deals income development by method of enhancing quality concentrated on the fundamental little particle business of pharmaceuticals. This will likewise be through new interests in the antibodies zone, which is viewed as quickly developing, and furthermore the

9 Personality Types of Binge Drinkers

9 Personality Types of Binge Drinkers   More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery British researchers have studied the social and psychological characteristics of drinkers who regularly consume twice the recommended amount of alcohol and have identified nine types of heavy drinkers. The U.K. Department of Health hopes to use the information to target public health campaigns at those who are drinking at risky levels. According to the British National Health Service, alcohol-related illnesses cost the government about $5 billion a year in healthcare costs. This will be a tough one to crack, an NHS spokesperson told Lucy Cockcroft in a report for the news media. Research found many positive associations with alcohol among the general public â€" even more so among those drinking at higher-risk levels. For these people alcohol is embedded in their identity and lifestyle: so much so that challenging this behavior results in high levels of defensiveness, rejection or even outright denial. Types of Binge Drinkers According to the U.K. Department of Health, these are the nine personality types of binge drinkers: De-stress drinkers use alcohol to regain control of life and calm down. They include middle-class women and men.Conformist drinkers are driven by the need to belong and seek a structure to their lives. They are typically men aged 45 to 59 in clerical or manual jobs.Boredom drinkers consume alcohol to pass the time, seeking stimulation to relieve the monotony of life. Alcohol helps them to feel comforted and secure.Depressed drinkers may be of any age, gender or socioeconomic group. They crave comfort, safety, and security.Re-Bonding drinkers are driven by a need to keep in touch with people who are close to them.Community drinkers are motivated by the need to belong. They are usually lower-middle-class men and women who drink in large friendship groups.Hedonistic drinkers crave stimulation and want to abandon control. They are often divorced people with grown-up children, who want to stand out from the crowd.Macho drinkers spend most of their spare time in pubs. They are mostly men o f all ages who want to stand out from the crowd.Border dependents regard the pub as a home from home. They visit it during the day and the evening, on weekdays and at weekends, drinking fast and often. Dangers of Binge Drinking Regardless of what type of binge drinker you are, make no mistake about it, binge drinking is dangerous. When we say binge drinking we are not talking about going on a multi-day bender, we are referring to drinking five or more drinks a day for men and four or more for women. That level of drinking is considered harmful because it can cause a wide range of health problems and other consequences. Occasional binge drinkers have a high rate of injuries compared to nondrinkers and even to those who are chronic heavy drinkers. 9 Tips for Cutting Back on Drinking Guidelines for Low-Risk Drinking In the U.K. where this research was conducted, the guidelines for low-risk drinking are less than 14 units of alcohol per week. A pint of strong lager contains about 3 units of alcohol while a standard glass of wine contains about 2.1 units. In other words, to remain at the low-risk level, British drinkers can have about six pints of beer a week or about seven standard glasses of wine. In the U.K. someone who drinks twice this amount per week is considered a binge drinker. If you are even an occasional binge drinker, there are many reasons to stop the habit or try to cut back on your drinking. Pros and Cons of Tapering Alcohol Intake

Symbolism In O Captain ! My Captain By Walt Whitman

â€Å"O Captain! My Captain† by Walt Whitman is a poem written as a way to honor Abraham Lincoln after his assassination in 1865. The poem is about a sailor who is praising his captain for leading the ship through a long, hard voyage. As everyone starts to celebrate the homecoming of the vessel, the sailor notices his captain lying on the deck, dead. Whitman uses symbolism to aid not only himself, but the country, in the mourning of their president. The poem as a whole has a symbolic meaning; using the captain to represent President Lincoln, the ship to represent the United States and the voyage to represent the journey he took to get the country out of war and into a state of peace. By Whitman using these symbols, it helps one better†¦show more content†¦The captains ship had been through tough situations, having â€Å"weatherd every rack† (line 2). Whitman uses the ship as a symbol for the United States, which had been affected greatly by the Civil War causing mass amounts of casualties in both people and land. Despite the difficulties faced, the ship had successfully been â€Å"anchord safe and sound† (line19). Continuing the idea that Whitman is using these symbols, instead of blatantly stating his actual reasons for writing the poem, to help a reader relate and be more understanding of the message behind the poem. In the one case, the ship is the United States, but in another it could just as easily be a large family that went through a difficult time but in the end everything turned out alright. The ability to relate to a poem is beneficial to understanding it and by whitman using these symbols it makes the poem much easier to comprehend. Both the captain and the ship embark on a voyage, which symbolizes the Civil War. 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When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom d†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Read MoreThe Poetry of Walt Whitman Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Whitman is considered by many to be one of the greatest poets of the nineteenth century. Whitman grew up in New York and was a member of a large family, having eight siblings. Only four of these siblings lived to adulthood. His father was an alcoholic, which led to Whitman becoming more like a father-figure than a brother to his siblings. Whitman quit school at the age of eleven. He then worked as a journalist, as a carpenter, as a teacher, and as an editor before focusing on poetry. WhitmanRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1541 Words   |  7 PagesHester Prynne as she struggles with her sin and subsequent isolation from Puritan society, while Walt Whitman’s Oh Captain! My Captain! chronicles a ship’s bittersweet journey towards a port without its captain. 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Ifsm 300 Umuc Haircuts Stage 2 - 694 Words

IFSM 300 UMUC Haircuts Stage 2 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/ifsm-300-umuc-haircuts-stage-2/ Case Study, Stage 2: Business Process Analysis and Technology Solution Proposal Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the â€Å"UMUC Haircuts Case Study†, â€Å"UMUC Haircuts Stage 1† Project and the â€Å"Walmart Example.† You will use the strategic business area and process that you selected in Stage 1; review the feedback you received for any recommended changes to your Stage 1 project prior to starting this assignment and be sure you have an appropriate â€Å"process† identified. Purpose of this Assignment This assignment gives you the opportunity to apply your analysis skills to model a business process.†¦show more content†¦The proposed information technology solution should address the revised business process and should be appropriate to UMUC Haircuts. The solution will be briefly described, and an explanation given for why and how this propo sed solution will improve the business process. Be sure to read the instructions for the remaining projects in this Case Study (Stages 3-5) to get an understanding of the future projects that build on the proposed solution and to help you in deciding upon your solution. You want to propose a solution that can be used in the assignments that follow this one, so be selective and choose an appropriate solution. Assignment For this assignment you will use the process identified for improvement in your Stage 1 Project. There are 2 parts to this assignment. Part 1: Business Process Analysis - Models of the AS IS Process and the TO BE Process. The various course resources provided for Week 2 illustrate several different methods of modeling business processes. You may use any of the models shown (or follow the example provided in the Walmart Example), to analyze the process you identified for improvement,breaking it down into sequential steps and modeling it. You may use Microsoft Word, Show MoreRelatedAssignment : Umuc Haircuts Stage 1888 Words   |  4 PagesMilanka Perera IFSM-300 Assignment: UMUC Haircuts Stage 1: I. Introduction: UMUC Haircuts, is a business started in 1995 by Myra. In the recent years she has seen an increase in competition from multiple other competitors. The latest update is that there is a Hair Cuttery that will open about 5 miles away, Myra is worried about how the new salon might affect her business. She wants to continue to grow as a business and increase her profits by improving some area of her salon. II. Five Forces

Golden Ratio Free Essays

Golden ratio ; The Definition of Beauty â€Å"Geometry has two great treasures: one is the Theorem of Pythagoras; the other, the division of a line into extreme and mean ratio. The first we may compare to a measure of gold; the second we may name a precious jewel. †Ã‚   Johannes Kepler, 1571-1630 The golden ratio is present in everyday Life. We will write a custom essay sample on Golden Ratio or any similar topic only for you Order Now The golden proportion is the ratio of the shorter length to the longer length which equals the ratio of the longer length to the sum of both lengths. It can be expressed algebraicay like : This ratio has always been considered most pleasing to the eye. It was named the golden ratio by the Greeks. In the world of mathematics, the numeric value is called â€Å"phi†, named for the Greek sculptor Phidias. The Golden Ratio is also known as the golden section, golden mean or golden rectangle. The Golden Rectangle has the property that when a square is removed a smaller rectangle of the same shape remains, a smaller square can be removed and so on, resulting in a spiral pattern. It is a unique and important shape in mathematics which also appears in nature, music, and is often used in art and architecture. Our human eye „seesâ€Å" the golden rectangle as a beautiful geometric form. Leonardo Fibonacci discovered the unusual properties of the numeric series, that’s how it was named. It is not proven that Fibonacci even noticed the connection between the Golden Ratio meaning and Phi. The Renaissance used the Golden Mean and Phi in their sculptures and paintings to achieve vast amounts balance and beauty. Throughout the centuries, artists have used the golden ratio in their own creations. An example is â€Å"post† by Picasso. The Golden Ratio also appears in the Parthenon in Athens. It was built about 440 B. C. ; it forms a perfect Golden Rectangle. Another example of the Golden Ratio is shown in Egyption Pyramids. Ancient Egyptions used the Golden Ratio to build their pyramids. The pyramids show one of the first examples of using the golden ratio in architecture. The Golden Ratio was used to build these wonders of the world back in around 2500 B. C. In India, the Golden Mean was used in the construction of the Taj Mahal, which was completed in 1648. After writing this essay an interesting result has occurred. Now I see the examples of the Golden Ratio everywhere. It is like my eyes were opened whole time but didnt take any attention about those detais. And I’m glad because it changed. How to cite Golden Ratio, Essay examples

Linkage Between Capital Market Development and Economic Growth free essay sample

The capital market is an integral part of the financial system that provides efficient delivery mechanism for mobilization and allocation, management and distribution of long-term fund (Sunday O. E. Ewah and Judey Bassey). The capital market is a market for long-term debt and equity securities, where business enterprise and government can raise fund for long-term investments. It is normally divided into two broad categories: the stock market and the bond market (Central Bank of Lesotho Economic Review 2009). According to Tokunbo S.Osinubi (2000), the stock market is reported to perform some functions which promote the growth and development of an economy. It plays a pivotal role in mobilizing idle fund from surplus economic unit and channels such fund into deficit unit for investment in long-term project. The supplier of funds are basically individuals and corporate bodies who subscribe to capital market instrument as a way of adding value to their unused financial resources while the deficit unit i. We will write a custom essay sample on Linkage Between Capital Market Development and Economic Growth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. the end users of the fund are government and corporate bodies as individual cannot approach the capital market for fund. Equally, the capital market provides ideal source for corporate bodies and government to pool monies from people and corporate bodies to finance capital intensive project which its internal purse cannot cope with. Akingboungbe (1996) opined that the importance of the capital lies in its financial intermediation capacity to link the laggard sector of the economy with the active sector. According to him, the absence of such capacity robs the economy of investment and production of goods and services for societal advancement. Capital market in any nation exists to provide long-term funds for government and corporate bodies for development purpose. It deals with long-term financial instruments which include equities or stocks, debentures, government bonds and derivatives like future options. In the capital market, the stock in trade is money which is often viewed as the lubricant of the economy and which can be raised through various instruments such as right issues, debt instrument, equity offering as well as through the stock exchange. This is a pointer to the fact that the capital market provides the wherewithal with which the goal of economic growth can be actualized, and equally held the key to economic prosperity of any nation. A virile capital market is capable of assisting a nation to muster financial resources and skills for rapid growth and development. The capital market is viewed as engine of growth in most countries. Empirical research by CBL Economic Review 2009 indicated that the capital market connects monetary sectors with the real sector and therefore facilitates growth in the real sector and economic development. The CBL economic review adduced the following as the fundamental channels through which capital market is connected to economic growth: First, capital markets increase the proportion of long-term savings (pension, funeral savings) that is channeled to long-term investment. Capital market enables contractual savings industry to mobilize long-term savings from small individual households and channel them into long-term investment. It fulfils the transfer of current purchasing power, in monetary forms from surplus sector to deficit sectors, in exchange for reimbursing a great purchasing power in future. In this way, the capital market enables corporations to raise funds to finance their investments in real estate. The implication will be an increase in aggregate consumption and hence growth and development. Second, capital market also provides equity capital and infrastructure development capital that has strong socio-economic benefit through development of roads, housing, energy, telecommunication, etc. These projects are ideal for financing through capital market via long-term bonds and asset backed securities. Moreover, capital market promotes public-private partnership to encourage private sector participation in productive investment. The need to shift economic growth from public to private sector has become inevitable as resources continue to diminish . It assists the public sector to close the resource gap, and complement its effort in financing socio-economic development through raising long-term project based capital. It also attracts foreign portfolio investors who are critical in supplementing the domestic savings levels. It facilitates inflow of foreign exchange into the domestic economy. Furthermore, the CBL Economic review 2009 equally asserted that countries with developed capital market have higher economic growth than countries without. An instance cited to justify this position is South Africa, the country with the largest and most developed capital market in Africa in terms of market capitalization which is experiencing faster growth compared to other countries with less-developed capital market. In Nigeria, the capital market seems not to have contributed so robustly to economic growth as the empirical research of the CBL Economic review and the predict of endogenous growth model which envisage positive correlation between the development of the capital market and economic growth both suggested. The capital market in Nigeria started rolling in 1960 when the Nigeria Stock Exchange was opened. It metamorphosed from the Lagos Stock Exchange which had been created in 1959 based on the recommendation of the Barback Committee set up by the then federal government. However, the Nigeria capital market has enjoyed a decade of unprecedented growth in the past five years. Going by the annual report of the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) the total market capitalization has increased by over 90%though, this feat was short lived by the decline of 45. 8% in market capitalization recorded in 2008. According to the NSE, the impressive performance of the capital market can be attributed to some reasons: First, the bank consolidation exercise which introduced a minimum capital requirement for banks stimulated the performance of the capital market as it has encouraged most banks to choose the stock market. Equally, the privatization policy has also significantly impacted on the performance of the capital market. Even though with this scenario, the Nigeria capital market is yet to keep pace with the trend across the globe. According to Sule Ndanusa the Director General of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Nigeria capital market is still a small market by international standard as its equity listing and market capitalization stood at 196 and $7billion respectively. This size of the Nigeria capital market is affected by the continuous depreciation of the naira. While the global trend dictates that the market capitalization of the capital market should be nearer the GDP or be above it, the market capitalization of the Nigeria capital market hovered around 60% and 39% respectively for 2007 and 2008 (NSE Annual report2009) respectively compared to that of South Africa which stood at 239%. Thus, a lot still need to be done to make the Nigeria capital market the engine of growth for the Nigeria economy. Given the scenario in the Nigeria capital market, the point of departure of this study is to examine the linkage between capital market development and economic growth with a view to explore the channels through which the capital market in Nigeria can be made engine of growth while addressing problem inherent in its operation. In the word of Adebiyi (2005), capital market in developing countries often suffer from classical defect such as illiquidity, lack of equity capital, bank dominated economies and lack of investor’s confidence in the capital market. The situation in the Nigeria capital market is not different as the predominant problem revolves around low market capitalization as well as illiquidity as most research works have revealed (e. g. Emenuga 2004, Judey Bassey and Sunday E. Ewah). This is coupled with the more serious obstacle of non-strengthening of the channels of transmission from financial development to economic growth such as financial depth(ratio of financial asset to national income), advanced financial structure(moving from bank and non-bank ntermediaries to stock market ), size as well as the efficiency of the financial system . The description of the Nigeria capital market as a small market by international standard as well the dominant roles which banks still play in the financial system at the expense of other financial intermediaries lends credence to this viewpoint. Several recent overviews of the link between financial market development and economic growth affirm positive correlation between financial market development and economic growth. But, in Nigeria evidences to this effect are weak, inconclusive and non-definitive. For instance, Sunday O. E. Ewah and Jude Bassey (2004) concluded that capital market has growth inducing potential but it has not contributed to economic growth owing to such problems such as low market capitalization and illiquidity. In similar vein, efforts were equally made by Nyong (1997) to develop an aggregate index of capital market development and use it to determine its relationship with long-term growth in Nigeria. The study employed a time series data between 1970 and 1974. The result of the study reveals that capital market is negatively and significantly correlated with long-run growth in Nigeria. The result also showed that there exist bi-directional causality between capital market development and economic growth. However, Levine and Zervos (1996) established positive relationship between the measure of stock market development and long-run growth rates. Ariyo and Adelegan (2005) contended that the liberalization of capital market contributes to the growth of the Nigeria capital market but its impact at the macro-economy is negligible. That is, the question of the channels through which capital market development correlate with economic growth has not been given detailed attention in empirics literature in Nigeria as most available empirical analysis in this direction are cross-country study and more so, are conducted for Asian and European economy. Such works include Jose De Gregorio et al (2003) Dipendra Sinha et al Saray Joy et al (2002) . A more potent proof of the scanty of evidence on the channel of transmission from financial development and economic growth can be found in the word of Valpy FitzGerald (2006) who stated that financial development and economic growth are clearly related and this relationship has occupied the mind of economists from Smith to Schumpeter, although the channels and direction of this relationship has remained unresolved in both theory and empirics literature. Thus, the absence of empirical analysis in this direction has left a serious gap that needed to be filled with a research enquiry. Following the foregoing from the few empirical evidences sighted above which reveal inadequacy and lack of agreement among analysts about the sine-qua-non role of capital market in economic growth coupled with scanty of literature on channels of transmission from financial development to growth and the pervasive problem of decline in market capitalization and illiquidity which characterize the Nigeria capital market as reflected in Nigeria Stock Exchange Annual report(2009), it becomes important to turn the searchlight on the capital market and every other thing that accompany or propel it with a view to empirically examine how linkage between capital market development and economic growth as well as the channels of transmission from capital market development to growth can be pursued to bring the dream of economic growth to fruition.

Community profile of Hackney, London The WritePass Journal

Community profile of Hackney, London Introduction Community profile of Hackney, London ). Local residents’ satisfaction with the police force and the fire service are the highest across London, although whilst the number of crimes has been reduced significantly, the number of crimes in Hackney is still higher than in other London boroughs, with 142/1000 crimes in Hackney, 111/1000 crimes in London as a whole and 89/1000 crimes in England as a whole (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). The most frequent crime in Hackney is burglary, with criminal damage and drug offences following. Violence against the person is also relatively high in Hackney, although this is one type of crime that has been reduced significantly in Hackney (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). Antisocial behaviour was identified as a problem area with anti-social behaviours such as drug dealing and teenagers running around the streets being the main cause for concern amongst residents (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). Despite this, fear of crime was low in Hackney residents, with the majority of resident s surveyed saying that they felt safe during the day and relatively safe at night, both in their own homes and in the street (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). Survey   It was decided, according to the community profiling tools provided by Christakopoulou et al. (2001), that the community profile should determine key aspects of the community and the lives of the people in the chosen community: what the area is like as a place to live; what the area is like as a social community; what the areas is like as an economic community; what the area is like as a political community; what the area is like as a personal space; and what the area is like as part of the city of London, in terms of the links between Hackney and the rest of London and what the specific local identity is that sets Hackney apart from the rest of London. By focusing on these key areas it is possible to more readily identify the main findings and thoughts of those within the region. On this basis, twenty survey questions were developed (see Appendix 1), with a view to using these survey questions to gain information from local Hackney residents as to their views of their community. The survey was presented to twenty local residents, who were approached as they walked down the street. Of the twenty residents who were approached, ten of them were willing to take time to answer the survey questions. The next section of the community profile will present the findings from the research, i.e., the responses of the ten local residents to the survey questions. The following section will then present an analysis of these findings; the final section will present an overall Conclusion for the community profile. Research findings Regarding the first question, ‘What do you think about Hackney?’ the ten residents all had different opinions. Several mentioned that they loved to live in Hackney and that they were proud to live in Hackney. One older man mentioned that he felt unsafe in Hackney and was looking to move and this may be reflective of the different demands of age groups. He said he does not go outside his home at night as he fears the gangs of teenagers he sees on the streets. Another lady, a young mum, said that she loves Hackney but feels more could be done for young people in the area, and especially more for children. The young woman pointed out that she felt there were too few activities for children and that the outdoor parks were very badly maintained and often full of threatening teenagers, so that she did not use the parks with her children. Another person stated that they had lived in Hackney all their life and that they love Hackney, that they don’t se themselves ever lea ving. Regarding the second question, Do you think Hackney is a nice place to live?, eight of the people surveyed said yes, they felt that Hackney is a nice place to live and that they are happy living in Hackney.   Two of them, including the old man, stated that they were not very happy living in Hackney and that they would prefer to live somewhere else. Regarding the third question, Do you like living in Hackney?, again, eight of the people said yes and two said no. The two people who said no said that they felt Hackney had become more unsafe and was not a safe place to live, that they often see drug dealers selling in the local parks and that the area could benefit from more policing. In terms of the responses to the fourth question, Do you think Hackney is a satisfying place to live?, the eight people said that, yes, they felt Hackney is a satisfying place to live, with two people saying that it used to be but that now they did not feel it was the right place for them to be now. They noted that the rising house prices all over London made it difficult, however, for them to move, with this meaning that they felt they were marooned in Hackney. This is also evident in the fact that the region generally has a high level of satisfaction but this may be more reflective of the lack of alternative options rather than true satisfaction. When asked, Do you, in Hackney, have access to all the facilities you need?, the ten people all had very different answers. Two, who appeared to be students, said that the rent was cheap and there were great cheap restaurants, that they were very happy with the area. Another said that, yes, the borough has sports facilities and parks and access to other London attractions. Others said that, yes, the community was strong and they were able to take part in community activities. When asked, Are you involved in the social life of your local area?, two of the local residents indicated they were, via a community gardening project and a community regeneration project. These two said that they felt this had made them feel more like a part of the local community. When asked, Do you find your local community, in Hackney, supportive?, five said yes, four said they didn’t really no and one said no. The one who said no stated that they felt the police force could have a greater and more effective presence. The ones who said yes stated that they felt safe and welcome in the community. When asked, Do you feel Hackney has a range of socioeconomic conditions?, the majority said something   along the lines of ‘we’re all poor here’, with one stating that Hackney has its ‘nice ends’ and its poor parts. When asked, Do you think Hackney has a vibrant offering of local shops?, the people stated, yes, that they hardly ever have to leave Hackney to find something and that they loved the fact that there were so many international shops and restaurants. They all stated that they felt their local shop owners were part of their community and that they made an effort to make them feel welcome whenever they frequented the shop, noting that this made them feel more welcome to the community as a whole. When asked, Do you feel well represented, politically, in Hackney?, the majority stated that they were unsure, with one stating that they felt the local politicians could do more to help Hackney. When asked, Do you feel the local politicians do a good job of managing Hackney?, the local residents stated that they were unsure but that, given the lack of complaints they had about the borough, the politicians must be doing their job well. When asked, Do you feel, as a local resident, that you have a say in what happens in Hackney?’, the residents responded that they do not feel they have a say in Hackney, as they are but mere residents. One of the people, one of the ones who volunteer in the local community said that they felt their commitment to Hackney mad e them feel more a part of Hackney. In response to, Are there community organisations in Hackney?, two said yes, they were part of these community organisation and the remainder said they were unsure. For the next question, Are you involved with community organisations in Hackney?, again, only two stated that, yes, they were involved; the remainder stated that no, they were not involved. In response to the question, Are you very attached to Hackney?, eight said yes, they were, one said no and one said they weren’t sure. When asked, How long have you lived in Hackney?, the average answer was 18 years; the longest was 68 years and the shortest 8 months. When asked, Do you have special memories of Hackney or of local people?, a variety of answers were given, all of which were very special and particular to that person as an individual. This suggested that the people did have very personal connection to Hackney. When asked, Do you feel like Hackney is part of London?, the people stated that, yes, Hackney is part of London. When asked, Do you feel there are good linkages between Hackney and the rest of London?, all of them replied in the positive. The fact that Hackney is so close to central London was an attractive point for many of the respondents. When asked, What do you feel distinguishes Hackney from the rest of London?, several answered that they felt the rest of London is less personal and welcoming than Hackney, with several others saying they feel Hackney is like a little village in London. Analysis of findings In terms of the analysis of the findings from the survey and the background quantitative analysis of Hackney borough, it can be seen that Hackney is a very vibrant and multicultural, multi-ethnic, borough. Hackney is appreciated by its residents for its special qualities and sense of community, meaning that residents feel welcome in Hackney. The survey found, for example, that the majority of people were very happy in Hackney and that they were so happy they had stayed in Hackney for a long time. One cause for concern, however, was the lack of children’s facilities and the safety and security of the area in general. Overall, however, the findings suggest that residents are generally very happy with Hackney and intend to stay in Hackney. Despite this there is some suggestion that the responses are reflective of the perceived inability to move to any other area and the fact that having a broad range of cultures makes those that would otherwise feel like they are in the minority feel relatively comfortable in the environment. Community profile of Hackney The community profile that has emerged for Hackney is of a smaller London borough that has a population of small children in Hackney being higher than the national average and higher than in many other London boroughs. Hackney is multicultural, with Hackney having a far larger Black population than either other London inner boroughs or the UK as a whole. Hackney has a high number of social housing stock, with demand for this housing outweighing supply and average income across Hackney being well below the national average. Crime is a concern in Hackney, as is antisocial behaviour; this was apparent from both the quantitative analysis and the survey.   Conclusion This report has presented a community profile of Hackney in London, i.e., a description of the particular community or neighbourhood chosen using a variety of techniques to build up a picture of the community (Barnados, 2004). The techniques that were used in the construction of the community profile was a look at the figures associated with the region to provide details of the history and general background of the Hackney area and a survey of local residents and traders to gain a more subjective understanding of the area. These two approaches were used to gain an understanding of the needs of the community and the resources that exist within the community with a view to understanding what action plan could be implemented to improve the community and the quality of life of the people living in the community. In terms of the understanding of the needs of the community, the community profile has shown that Hackney has a high number of children and young people with tee survey showing that their needs are currently unmet. This means that a huge section of Hackney residents have unmet needs; this means that the quality of life of this section of the community could be improved. Additionally, crime and fear of crime is high in Hackney, with the surveys showing that fear of crime stopped at least one resident from leaving their home at night, this severely impacting their quality of life. In terms of what could be done to improve the quality of life of residents, then, as quantitative analysis and survey have shown, providing more activities or spaces for children and young people would help them and possible reduce antisocial behaviours. Providing more police would possibly help to reduce crime and the fear of crime. In conclusion, the community profile shows that Hackney is a very nice place to live, in general, but that it has some aspects that could be improved and, by improving them, this would improve the quality of life of residents. As has been discussed, the findings suggest that residents are generally very happy with Hackney and intend to stay in Hackney. Overall, then, the community profile has found certain problems with Hackney borough but has found that these problems are not viewed as particularly serious by residents; residents seem to love Hackney and love the fact that Hackney welcomes them with open arms, regardless of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, religion or creed. References Barnados, 2004. Community profiling. Available from barnardos.org.uk/communityprofiling.pdf [Accessed 6th May 2013]. Christakopoulou, S., Dawson, J. and Gari, A. (2001) ‘The community well-being questionnaire: theoretical context and initial assessment of its reliability and validity’, Social Indicators Research, 56: 321–51. Hackney Borough Council, 2009. Hackneys housing. Available from hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/hackney-Housing.pdf [Accessed 9th May 2013]. Hackney Borough Council, 2010. Hackney’s population. Available from hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/hackney-Population.pdf [Accessed 9th May 2013]. Hackney Borough Council, 2012. Hackney’s community safety. Available from hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/community-safety.pdf [Accessed 9th May 2013].   Appendix 1: Survey questions What do you think about Hackney? Do you think Hackney is a nice place to live? Do you like living in Hackney? Do you think Hackney is a satisfying place to live? Do you, in Hackney, have access to all the facilities you need? Are you involved in the social life of your local area? Do you find your local community, in Hackney, supportive? Do you feel Hackney has a range of socioeconomic conditions? Do you think Hackney has a vibrant offering of local shops? Do you feel well represented, politically, in Hackney? Do you feel the local politicians do a good job of managing Hackney? Do you feel, as a local resident, that you have a say in what happens in Hackney? Are there community organisations in Hackney? Are you involved with community organisations in Hackney? Are you very attached to Hackney? How long have you lived in Hackney? Do you have special memories of Hackney or of local people? Do you feel like Hackney is part of London? Do you feel there are good linkages between Hackney and the rest of London? What do you feel distinguishes Hackney from the rest of London?

A Guide to French Reflexive Pronouns

A Guide to French Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive pronouns are a special kind of French pronoun which can only be used with pronominal verbs. These verbs need a reflexive pronoun in addition to a subject pronoun because the subject(s) performing the action of the verb are the same as the object(s) being acted upon. These are the French reflexive pronouns:  Ã‚  Ã‚  me / m  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  me, myself  Ã‚  Ã‚  te / t / toi  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, yourself  Ã‚  Ã‚  se / s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  him(self), her(self), it(self), them(selves)  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  us, ourselves  Ã‚  Ã‚  vous  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, yourself, yourselvesMe, te, and se change to m, t, and s, respectively, in front of a vowel or mute H. Te changes to toi in the imperative.Like object pronouns, reflexive pronouns are placed directly in front of the verb in nearly all tenses and moods:* Nous nous parlons. Were talking to each other.Ils ne shabillent pas. They arent getting dressed. *In the imperative, the reflexive pronoun is attached to the end of the verb with a hyphen. Là ¨ve-toi  !  Get up!Aidons-nous. Lets help each other Reflexive pronouns always have to agree with their subjects, in all tenses and moods - including the infinitive and the present participle. Je me là ¨verai.   I will get up.Nous nous sommes couchà ©s. We went to bed.Vas-tu te raser  ?  Are you going to shave?En me levant, jai vu... While getting up, I saw... Be careful not to mix up the third person singular reflexive pronoun se with the direct object le. Se - French Reflexive Pronoun Se, the third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun, is one of the most often misused  French pronouns.  It can only be used in two kinds of constructions:1.  With a  pronominal verb: Elle  se  lave. Shes washing up (shes washing  herself).Ils  se  sont  habillà ©s. They got dressed (they dressed  themselves).Elles  se  parlent. Theyre talking to each other. 2.  In a  passive impersonal construction: Cela  ne  se  dit pas.  That isnt said.Lalcool  ne  se  vend pas  ici. Alcohol isnt sold here. French learners sometimes get confused about whether to use  se  or the direct object  le. They are not interchangeable - compare the following: Elle  se  rase.  - Shes shaving (herself).   Se  is the reflexive pronounElle le  rase.  - Shes shaving it (e.g., the cat).  Le  is the direct objectIl  se  lave.  - Hes washing (himself).  Se  is the  reflexive pronounIl le  lave.  - Hes washing it (e.g., the dog or the knife).  Le  is the direct objectSe  lave-t-il le  visage  ?  - Oui, il  se  le  lave.  - Is he washing his face? Yes, hes washing it.  Se  and  le  work together Note that  se  may be the direct or  indirect object  of a French sentence. Ils  se  voient.  - They see each other.  Se  means each other and is a direct object.Il  se  lave  le visage.  - Hes washing his face. (Literally, Hes washing the face of himself)  Se  means of himself and is an indirect object. (  Visage  is the direct object)

Reflective Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reflective Teaching - Essay Example Framing reflective teaching For an individual to undergo a development process to a reflective thinker, Valli and Buese (2007) advise on employment of various approaches. These approaches are inclusive of critically observing the others as well as one self, team teaching, and exploration of an individual’s teaching approach through writing. In any approach, Valli and Buese (2007) insist on a process that is divided into three parts. The first part is the event itself. This step is perceived as critical at the onset of any episode that will incorporate actual teaching. While the critical reflection is usually targeted at developing the individual teaching approach of a teacher, there is a possibility of self-reflection being stimulated by observing the teaching of another person. The next stage usually involves event recollection. This stage usually details the event of the eventual happening without having to observe the teaching of another person. Generally, various procedures are usually employed during the phase of recollection. These procedures include; detailing the event, recording of an event, or incorporation of coding systems for capturing the event details. The third stage involves reviewing and responding to the event. As a result of focusing on the objective event description, the event is reviewed for the participants. This is the stage at which a deeper level of event processing takes place coupled with asking questions that are connected to the experience.

A Comparison of Young Goodman BrownandMy Kinsman, Major Molineux Essay

A Comparison of Young Goodman BrownandMy Kinsman, Major Molineux - Essay Example 171)†. It is certainly given an important place amongst all his works and the story itself can be seen as an allegory to represent the cultural changes which were coming to the country at the time the tale was written. The protagonist i.e. Robin, has to accept his loss of innocence and his coming of age much as the culture during Hawthorne’s time was undergoing changes. The change is also reflected in the world in which the story is set since everything appears to new and shining. Even the clothes of the common people are described as, â€Å"Embroidered garments of showy colors, enormous periwigs, gold-laced hats, and silver-hilted swords (Hawthorne, 1851, Pg. 1213)†. While the city streets had a modern culture, Robin was following the things he had learnt from his comparatively backwards environment. Hawthorne describes the contrast that Robin saw by saying, â€Å"Traveled youths, imitators of the European fine gentlemen of the period, trod jauntily along, half dancing to the fashionable tunes which they hummed, and making poor Robin ashamed of his quiet and natural gait (Hawthorne, 1851, Pg. 1213)†. This difference is only one of the ways that the journey pushes Robin into growing up and as discussed by Pearce (2001), â€Å"as we might expect in the case of a boy from the village wandering into Hogarths London, he is obliged to resist the entreaties of a lady of the evening (Pearce, 2001, Pg. 19)†. This representation of Robin in a place which is quite gaudy and more or less frightening is taken by Bermer (1981) to be a representation of all America since the country itself was trying to come to terms in â€Å"dealing with urbanization and industrialization (Bermer, 1981, Pg. 49).† Robin is quite taken by what he sees but is also in conflict since he is quite uncomfortable with the society he sees. In fact, this position of Robin becomes the primary message of the story and this idea is supported by by Herbert (1991) who says that, â€Å"My

Madonnas Role in a Feminist Culture Essay example -- Papers

Madonna's Role in a Feminist Culture In the book written by bell hooks, Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations, she criticizes a number of the actions and viewpoints of Madonna. Claiming that Madonna has changed from appearing to be a strong feminist icon into a woman who no longer has a connection with feminist views, bell hooks examines how Madonna chooses to represent herself as well as Madonna’s changing role in the feminist world. According to bell hooks, initially Madonna was a very transgressive in a feminist sense, and now she appears to be almost welcoming of the phallocentric imperialist patriarchal views. I agree with our class discussion and with bell hooks’ critique, feeling that Madonna has changed from a woman who resisted male dominating ideas showing strong feminist characteristics into a more accepting view of patriarchy and sexism. First explaining the Madonna of the past as a cultural icon. Madonna was supported and idolized by feminists, because she portrayed herself as a very independent, strong, and powerful woman, unbounded by sexism and a system flooded with patriarchy. By transgressing the boundary of a sexist society, she showed us that a woman could be strong, independent, sexy, powerful, and just as good as any man, if not better. Over time, bell hooks explains, Madonna has changed, being more accepted by the patriarchal and sexist society, neglecting her previous advocation of feminist images. Madonna has done this, bell hooks argues, by posing very seductively in Vanity Fair magazine. These images supposedly show Madonna in very conventional and typical kiddie-porn photographs. When appearing in images like these, Madonna is implying that she openly welcomes sexist and patriarchal ... ...se show me that bell hooks is correct in her critique of Madonna, changing from a once feminist cultural icon to a representation of the white supremacist patriarchal views. In her book, Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations, bell hooks gives us a critique of Madonna, giving us examples of how Madonna has transformed into a figure whom has abandoned her feminist thinking. These examples include Madonna’s photographs, her book Sex, and quotations. I agree with bell hooks’ critique of Madonna because I feel that evidence can be shown in Madonna’s actions over time supporting her change in views. From Madonna’s portrayal of a feminist to an advocate of patriarchal ideas, it can clearly be seen that Madonna has withdrawn her stand as a feminist cultural icon. Works Cited hooks, bell. (1994). Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations. New York, Routledge.

Drunk Driving Essay

Don’t you want to make sure your life is as safe as possible without the convicted reckless driving criminals on the road? People convicted of drunk driving should be imprisoned on the first offense to ensure this safety of others. These people are a danger to our society, and drunk drivers need to be stopped. Imprisoning the intoxicated driver on the first offense would lower the deaths and injuries of the innocent people who happened to be at the wrong place at the wrong time. Drunk Driving is called DWI or DUI, â€Å"Driving While Intoxicated† or â€Å"Driving under the Influence†. The crime of drunk driving is usually a misdemeanor, but depending on the number of prior drunk driving convictions someone may have, it can also be a felony. Drinking and then driving have resulted in thousands of road accidents, injuries and deaths. A mandatory jail sentence for convicted offenders would cause people to seriously consider the bottom line of drinking and driving. T aking a serious civil approach to the offense would cause friends and family to view drinking and driving as completely offensive. It would add a risk of job loss, public humiliation and jail time to the risks of injury, and death. It is well known that drinking affects an individual’s way of thinking and doing things. When drunk, it is almost impossible to conduct duties in a normal way compared to when one is not drunk. Evidence shows that a number of road accidents are caused by careless drivers who drive when drunk. Although the cause of the accident may not be the fault of the drunk driver, the situation worsens because the drunk driver does not manage to control the motion of the vehicle (Walters, 2009). To ensure that the society lives in an environment that is healthy towards accidents, drunk drivers should go to prison when found guilty (Rebik, 2010). People who drive intoxicated most likely have done it before and will do it again. Out of the 900,000 people arrested each year that are convicted of a DUI, one third of them were repeated offenders (Fell, 2004). An average of people who drink and drive have done it eighty times before their first arrest, and some even more (â€Å"Morbidity and Mortality†). Since one arrest occurs in every 772 drunk driving incidents, many think they a re just lucky because they haven’t gotten caught yet (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2002). Even though drunk drivers might not get caught by the law, they’ll most likely suffer injury or death by making the bad decision of drinking  and driving because one in three people will be in a crash caused by a drunk driver in their lifetime (NTSA, 2001). If they were imprisoned on their first offense, there would be no recurring offenders around to make the same mistake over and over again. It would deter many from drunk driving and discourage many from committing this crime. Imprisoning them would also remove them from the streets so they are doing the same thing and hurting others. Drunk drivers are most likely to commit the crime again, so they deserve to be imprisoned on their first offense to ensure the protection and save lives of others, especially children’s. Most kids don’t have the choice to not ride with the driver because it is usually an adult or parent driving. That’s unfair to put the kid’s lives in danger. Many children are affe cted by people drinking and driving. Seventeen percent of traffic deaths with children involved an alcohol impaired driver and 61% of those children were riding with them (Macgregor & Collins, 2011). Nobody should have to go through the pain of losing a child, especially under the circumstances of a drunk driving accident. The convicted drunk drivers being put away would relieve parents so they wouldn’t have to worry as much about drunk drivers adding a risk to their kid’s lives. The death and injury rate would also decrease dramatically and save lives of many innocent children who have been put in that terrible situation. Drunk driving is a direct result of bad decisions and not an â€Å"accident.† It is completely preventable. If the punishment was harsher than just having a license suspension and treatment classes, more people would think more about what they are actually doing. Drunk drivers being imprisoned would have to live with the humiliation and disappointment for being in jail because of making a careless mistake. People would feel worse and think twice because driving drunk makes them a criminal. They would then realize there would be more at stake since drunk driving is a crime and is the most frequently committed offense in America (â€Å"The High Cost†, 2012). Drunk drivers being imprisoned on their first offense would reduce the amount of injury, death, and damage to others. If people were imprisoned on their first drunk driving offense, it would make people more hesitant about making that careless decision. Evidence suggests that most road accidents are caused by drunk drivers who lose control when driving. Drivers who cause accidents regret on the actions and plead that they will not repeat their actions. In the first place, drivers know that  driving while drunk is offense and may cause an accident. This is a clear indication that they willingly break the law already knowing the consequence they may get. (Richardson & Thompson, 2008). To ensure that the society lives in an environment that is healthy towards accidents, drunk drivers should go to prison when found guilty, (Rebik, 2010). It might look injustice to imprison a driver when caught in the first time, but the reality is that imprisonment helps drivers reform. This reduces the occurrence of accidents that kill innocent people. There should be no mercy when charging criminals simply because they commit their offense in an ignorance manner (Richardson & Thompson, 2008). Protecting law is an important thing that most people ignore but find themselves in a fixed when law is against them. Unless drivers are imprisoned for the offense they commit, cases of accidents caused by drunk drivers won’t reduce. It is clear that they will increase causing more deaths and destruction of properties (Walters, 2009). Driving when drunk is dangerous to human life as well as the environment at large. Drivers who may drive drunk, argue that they have the right to drink and or consume alcohol. Although each and every person has the freedom to do what he wants, it should also be considered that the actions should not violate rights of other people or be harmful to anyone and anything around you. No one is prohibited drinking provided he, or she has turned the age of 21. Law prohibits driving when drunk because it may cause an accident killing people who are innocent. To avoid situations like this, it is advisable to imprison drivers who drive under the influence. Some may argue that they have control of their drinking habits, but to some point alcohol affects the response of the human body. It affects the control ability that is important when driving thus drunk drivers may lose their control and cause accidents (Durkin et al., (2008). It is argued that humans are to error and that they are subjected to mistakes. If the argument is based on that, drivers argue that imprisonment should not be done when the offense is made on the first situation. They say that forgiveness should work and warning given to those who commit offense in their first situation. Supporters of drinking and driving argue that they know their drinking habits and have drinking limits. This is not a justification as to why drivers should drink and drive. It should be remembered th at when a driver starts driving, he should take care of the lives he carries by ways of  driving in a careful manner (Richardson & Thompson, 2008). All people have equal opportunity when it comes to life and drunk drivers should not ruin that for anyone. Drunk driving is completely preventable if you imprison first offenders to catch other people’s attention. Imprisonment is the best form of prevention and rehabilitation for any sort of act involving drinking and driving; it’d make people realize their mistakes. Imprisoning people on the first offense for drunk driving would ensure the safety of others and to save the lives of many people because in most cases, drunk drivers are predicted to drive drunk again. Citations Drunk Driving Statistics. (2008). Retrieved from, http://www.alcoholalert.com/drunk-driving-statistics.html, on October 30, 2012 Durkin, Keith F.; Wolfe, Scott E.; May, Ross W. (2008). Social Bond Theory and Drunk Driving in a Sample of College Students. College Student Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3.Lankford, Ronnie. â€Å"Eliminating Drunk Driving Creates Repressive Laws.† Opposing Viewpoints Research Center. (2007)Gale. Gateway Community College Lib. Retrieved from, http://findgalegroup.com/ovrc, on October 30, 2012 Rebik, D. (2010). Drunk Drivers Who Kill Could Face Longer Jail Sentences. Retrieved from, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/kcpq-092810-duilaws,0,5507117.story, on October 30, 2012 Richardson, K., Thompson, K. M. (2008). Drinking and Driving. Journal of College Student Development Volume 49, Number 5, pp. 497-508 10. Doi:353/csd.0.0034 Traffic safety facts. In (2009). (p. 6). DC: US Department of Transpotation. Retrieved from, http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811385 .pdf, on October 30, 2012 Walters, S. (2009). First drunken driving offense shouldn’t be crime, says Van Hollen. (p. 1). Wisconsin: Journal Sentinel Inc. Retrieved from, http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/37748539.html, on October 30, 2012

Education Barriers Of Poor Countries - 1971 Words

Natasha Juvera Professor Martineau English 122 3 April 2016 Education Barriers in Poor Countries According to a new UNESCO policy paper 58 million children aged 6 to 11 are not receiving any education. Over 40% of these children will never enter a classroom (Unesco.org). In Afghanistan, President Hamid Karzai said, â€Å"almost half of school-age children do not have access to education. Some because of war or their schools have closed by the Taliban or others, or they do not have the ability to go to school† (Rawa.org). Pakistan has the world’s poorest education systems with 3 million children out of school (en.unesco.org). Girls in poor countries face barriers such as cost of education, violence, poverty, gender norms, and early pregnancy;†¦show more content†¦Cost of education makes it hard for them because they do not have the money for textbooks or bus fares. Many classrooms in Pakistan do not have textbooks, even though books are considered the most important instructional material for the student’s. Childr en score higher in tests of math and reading comprehension when they are provided textbooks. Other issues are the quality of the books are flawed with factual errors, inappropriate illustrations, and problems with readability, due to factual and grammatical errors, along with major deviations from the specifications set by the Curriculum Bureau. The language of the text creates confusion because it differs greatly from one grade to another and even subject to subject among books at the same level (YesPakistan.com, 2002). Throughout Pakistani society, education of girls is prohibited. Sending girls to school is against family honor. Education is viewed as un-Islamic by the Pakistani Taliban. The terrorist frown upon co-education, and in retaliation destroy the schools and the children. More than 800 schools in the region have been attacked since 2009, according to government education authorities (Siddiqui). Co-education remains to be an issue in Pakistan, despite the positive sides to it such as, enabling women and man to understand each other while having positive interactions (Ahmad). Since the attack of the Taliban on a Peshawar public school where a